تأثیر مدیریت مصرف منابع پتاسیمی بر برخی ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی گندم پائیزه

آب و خاک

مقاله 9، دوره 33، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 66، پاییز 1398، صفحه 635-645  

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v0i0.79599

نویسندگان

محمد جعفر ملکوتی¹؛ عزیز مجیدی²؛ سیما افرا ³

¹دانشگاه تربیت مدرس تهران

²مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی آذربایجان‌غربی

³تربیت مدرس تهران

چکیده

بمنظور بررسی تأثیر مدیریت مصرف منابع پتاسیمی در زراعت گندم­آبی، آزمایشی در دو مزرعه (1 و 2) به ترتیب با مقادیر پتاسیم قابل­دسترس 125 و412 میلی­گرم بر­کیلوگرم، در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با پنج تیمار و چهار تکرار در سال زراعی 97-1396 در ارومیه انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل: (1) شاهد (مصرف عناصر پایه برمبنای آزمون خاک به­جز پتاسیم)؛ (2) شاهد+ مصرف پتاسیم از منبع سولفات­پتاسیم قبل از کاشت؛ (3) شاهد+ مصرف 50% پتاسیم از منبع سولفات­پتاسیم قبل از کاشت و 50% باقیمانده از منبع کلرورپتاسیم؛ (4) شاهد+ مصرف 50% پتاسیم از منبع سولفات‌پتاسیم قبل از کاشت و 50% باقیمانده از منبع سولوپتاس؛(5) شاهد+ مصرف50% پتاسیم از منبع سولفات­پتاسیم قبل از کاشت و 50% باقیمانده از منبع سولفات­پتاسیم حاوی کلات­روی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که در مکان (1) پتاسیم، اثر بخشی معنی­داری بر عملکرد و پروتئین دانه گندم داشت. در این مکان، تیمار پنجم در مقایسه با سایر تیمارها، باعث افزایش بیشتر عملکرد دانه، پروتئین دانه و غلظت روی دانه گندم شد. مصرف تقسیطی پتاسیم، نسبت به مصرف قبل از کاشت، میزان کارایی کود پتاسیمی را افزایش داد. درحالی­که کارایی پتاسیم در تیمار دوم برابر پنج کیلوگرم بر کیلوگرم بود، در تیمارهای سوم و چهارم به شش و در تیمار پنجم به هشت کیلوگرم بر کیلوگرم بهبود یافت. در مکان (2) مصرف کودهای حاوی این عنصر بر عوامل مذکور کم تأثیر بود. بطور کلی، چنین نتیجه­گیری می­شود که در مکان (1)، با اعمال مصرف بهینه­کودی (تیمار 3) عملکرد هکتاری گندم 1300 کیلوگرم بر هکتار نسبت به شاهد، افزایش یافت. درحالی‌که، سولفات­پتاسیم حاوی کلات­روی در تیمار (5)، افزایش 11 درصدی عملکرد و 60 درصدی کارایی کود را حتی نسبت به تیمار (3) موجب شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پروتئین دانه گندم؛ سولفات‌پتاسیم حاوی کلات‌روی؛ عملکرد دانه؛ کارایی کود

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