تأثیر تنش هم‌زمان خشکی و شوری بر جذب آب و پتانسیل آب برگ درخت بادام در شرایط نیمه‌خشک

آب و خاک

مقاله 6، دوره 33، شماره 6 - شماره پیاپی 68، بهمن 1398، صفحه 857-871   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v33i6.76735

نویسندگان

اژدر عُنّابی میلانی^* ؛ محمد زرین بال

سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی

چکیده

درخت بادام تحمل خوبی به کم آبی دارد و مناسب کاشت در مناطق خشک و نیمه­خشک نظیر ایران است اما حساسیت آن به شوری، مدیریت آبیاری آن را با چالش­هایی مواجه کرده است. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأاثیر تنش هم‌زمان خشکی و شوری بر جذب آب، رشد رویشی و پتانسیل آب برگ درخت بادام در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تیمار شوری آب، شامل آب چاه با شوری dS/m2 (T1)، و آب‌های شور شده با نمک‌هایی با همان ترکیب آب چاه dS/m4 (T2) و dS/m5 (T3) در سه تکرار در خاکی با بافت شن لومی اجرا شد. در طول فصل رشد، دما و رطوبت نسبی هوا، پتانسیل آب برگ (LWP) و رطوبت خاک (SWC) تا عمق 70 سانتی‌متر اندازه‌گیری گردید. نتایج نشان داد که شوری تأثیر معنی‌داری (P<0.01) بر LWP، رشد رویشی و مقدار آب باقیمانده خاک دارد. متوسط فصلی رشد طولی سرشاخه و رشد قطری تنه در درخت بدون تنش به­ترتیب 104 سانتی­متر و 53 درصد بود که در تیمار تنش هم­زمان خشکی و شوری (T3) به­ترتیب به 62 سانتی­متر و 18 درصد کاهش یافت. متوسط فصلی LWP برای تیمارهای T1 تا T3 به‌ترتیب 78/1-، 93/1- و 16/2- مگاپاسکال بدست آمد. ارتباط معنی‌داری بین LWP با کمبود فشار بخار هوا و SWC حاصل شد. حد آستانه‌ای LWP برای شروع تنش، 78/1- مگاپاسکال بدست آمد. براساس پتانسیل آب برگ آستانه­ای تنش، کمینه رطوبت حجمی خاک برای تیمارهای T1 تا T3 برای اجتناب از تنش به‌ترتیب 1/10، 8/11 و 5/13 درصد تعیین شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پتانسیل آب ساقه؛ رطوبت خاک؛ قطر تنه؛ کمبود فشار بخار

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