اثر اسید هیومیک بر فراهمی کود فسفر و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی گیاه کلزا

آب و خاک

مقاله 7، دوره 33، شماره 6 - شماره پیاپی 68، اسفند 1398، صفحه 873-884   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v33i6.77449

نویسندگان

آمنه جهاندیده¹؛ مجتبی بارانی مطلق^{* 2}؛ اسماعیل دردی پور¹؛ رضا قربانی نصرآبادی¹

¹علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

²گرگان

چکیده

فسفر در مقایسه با دیگر مواد مغذی ضروری، دارای تحرک و قابلیت دسترسی کمتر برای گیاهان است. اگر چه فسفر به اشکال آلی و غیر آلی در خاک‌ها فراوان است، اما اغلب عامل مهم یا حتی محدود کننده اصلی برای رشد گیاه است. در این پژوهش اثرات مصرف هم­زمان اسید هیومیک و کود فسفر و روش­های کاربرد آن بر صفات فیزیولوژیک و فراهمی فسفر در گیاه کلزا (رقم هایولا 50) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت، بدین منظور آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در 3 تکرار به­صورت گلدانی به اجرا درآمد. تیمارهای شامل فسفر در سه سطح (0، 50 و 100 میلی‌گرم کود سوپرفسفات تریپل بر کیلوگرم خاک)، اسید هیومیک در سه سطح (0، 5/0 و 1 گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک) و روش­های کاربرد همزمان اسید هیومیک و فسفر بود. اثرات متقابل اسید هیومیک و فسفر و روش­های کاربرد آن بر تمام صفات اندازه­گیری شده در سطح یک درصد معنی­دار شد. نتایج اثرات متقابل سه­جانبه سطوح اسید هیومیک، سطوح فسفر و روش‌های کاربرد نشان داد که بیشترین مقادیر در انواع کلروفیل (a، b و ab) و کارتنوئید در تیمار کودی 100 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم فسفر و سطح 1 گرم بر کیلوگرم مصرف همراه با آب آبیاری اسید هیومیک به­دست آمد. بیشترین مقدار غلظت فسفر اندام هوایی با میانگین 30/0 درصد در تیمار یک گرم بر کیلوگرم اسید هیومیک همراه با آب آبیاری با سطح 100 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم فسفر مشاهده شد هر چند با تیمار 5/0 گرم بر کیلوگرم اسید هیومیک همراه با آب آبیاری از لحاظ آماری اختلاف نداشت. بیشترین مقدار فسفر عصاره­گیری شده به روش اولسن با میانگین 16/41 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم و روش سلطان­پور و شواب با میانگین 24/5 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم مربوط به تیمار 100 میلی­گرم برکیلوگرم فسفر و مصرف خاکی یک گرم بر کیلوگرم اسید هیومیک بود. همچنین همبستگی بالا و معنی­داری بین فسفر عصاره­گیری شده به روش اولسن و سلطان­پور و شواب با صفات مورد مطالعه مشاهده شد. به­نظر می­رسد که استفاده از فسفر همراه با اسید هیومیک، بیشتر از کاربرد فسفر به‌تنهایی، می­تواند باعث افزایش فسفر قابل­دسترس در خاک و نیز غلظت فسفر در گیاه کلزا (هایولا 50) شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اندام هوایی؛ کلروفیل؛ کارتنوئید؛ وزن تر و خشک

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