تأثیر آبیاری زیرزمینی با پساب شهری تصفیه‌شده بر عملکرد گیاه برنج

آب و خاک

مقاله 8، دوره 33، شماره 6 - شماره پیاپی 68، اسفند 1398، صفحه 885-896   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v33i6.79542

نویسندگان

لیلی قربانی مینائی¹؛ مهدی ذاکری نیا^{* 1}؛ عباس رضایی‌اصل²؛ حمیدرضا میرکریمی³

¹دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

²دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان

³دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران

چکیده

با توجه به محدودیت منابع آب در کشور، استفاده از شیوه­های نوین آبیاری برنج با مصرف کمتر آب امری بدیهی خواهد بود. یکی از راه­های افزایش بهره­وری آب، استفاده از روش آبیاری زیرزمینی است. همچنین برای مقابله با بحران آب می­توان از آب­های نامتعارف و به عبارت دیگر آب­های با کیفیت نامطلوب استفاده نمود. به منظور بهبود کیفیت آب مصرفی در کشاورزی روش­های مختلفی وجود دارد که یکی از آن­ها استفاده از میدان­های مغناطیسی است. در پژوهش حاضر اثر مغناطیسی‌شدن پساب تصفیه خانه شهری گرگان و آب معمولی به روش آبیاری زیرزمینی در پردیس کشاورزی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان بر صفاتی همچون عملکرد شلتوک، عملکرد بیولوژیک، شاخص برداشت، کارایی مصرف آب، بهره­وری فیزیکی آب و بهره­وری اقتصادی آب مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در 3 بلوک، از اردیبهشت تا شهریور ماه سال 1397 انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل  فاکتور نوع آب آبیاری در دو سطح شامل آب معمولی (C) و پساب تصفیه شده شهری گرگان (W) و فاکتور دوم شامل روش اصلاح آب در دو سطح شامل مغناطیس (M) و عدم مغناطیس (O) بود. نتایج مقایسه میانگین فاکتور نوع آب نشان داد که بین تیمار پساب و آب معمولی در پارامترهای اندازه­گیری تفاوت معنی­داری مشاهده نشد. فاکتور روش اصلاح آب نشان داد که تیمار غیرمغناطیس در پارامترهای عملکرد شلتوک، کارایی مصرف آب، بهره­وری فیزیکی آب و بهره­وری اقتصادی آب نسبت به تیمار مغناطیس معنی­دار بود اما در پارامترهای عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص برداشت اثر معنی­دار مشاهده نشد. همچنین مقایسه میانگین اثرات متقابل نوع آب و روش اصلاح بر همه پارامترهای اندازه گیری شده حاکی از برتری پساب غیرمغناطیس نسبت به بقیه تیمارها درسطح 5 درصد بود. براساس نتایج این تحقیق می­توان گفت که کشت برنج از نظر آبیاری نیازی به ایجاد یک لایه ایستابی در سطح خاک ندارد و همچنین استفاده از پساب تصفیه­خانه شهری گرگان به عنوان آب آبیاری، علاوه بر امکان کاهش برداشت از منابع آبی با کیفیت بالا، هزینه­های مصرف کود (شیمیایی و آلی) در تولید محصول را نیز کاهش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آبیاری زیرزمینی؛ پساب تصفیه شده شهری؛ پساب مغناطیس؛ زهکشی کنترل شده؛ عملکرد برنج

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