اثر تلقیح باکتری ریزوبیوم و قارچ میکوریزی گونه گلوموس موسه‌آ با نخود بر پایداری ساختمان خاک و توزیع اندازه خاکدانه‌ها در دو شرایط گلخانه‌ای و مزرعه‌ای

آب و خاک

مقاله 9، دوره 33، شماره 6 - شماره پیاپی 68، بهمن 1398، صفحه 897-911   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v33i6.79810

نویسندگان

لادن حیدری¹؛ حسین بیات^{* 2}؛ جواد حمزه ئی¹؛ تهمینه قیطاسی رنجبر¹؛ سمیه بهرامیان راغب¹؛ فاطمه مدینه خرمی¹

¹دانشگاه بوعلی سینا-همدان

².

چکیده

علی‌رغم تأثیر قابل توجه قار‌چ­ها و باکتری‌ها بر پایداری ساختمان خاک، تأثیر قارچ مایکوریزا گونه گلوموس موسه­آ و باکتری ریزوبیوم بر ساختمان خاک، به‌ندرت مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دو مرحله گلخانه‌ای و مزرعه‌‌ای با کشت نخود اجرا شد. در شرایط مزرعه تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل قارچ مایکوریزا گونه گلوموس موسه­آ، باکتری ریزوبیوم، ترکیب تیمار اول و دوم (مایکوریزا-باکتری ریزوبیوم) و شاهد (بدون تلقیح) و در شرایط گلخانه علاوه بر چهار تیمار فوق تیمار ماده زمینه سترون شده قارچ مایکوریزا و تیمار بدون گیاه، تیمارهای آزمایشی بودند. مقدار کربن آلی و پایداری خاکدانه‌ها در حالت تر مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج گلخانه­ای نشان داد که تیمار مایکوریزا نسبت به تیمار شاهد و شاهد بدون گیاه باعث افزایش معنی­دار میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه­ها (به‌ترتیب 6/51 و 1/189 درصد) شد. در شرایط گلخانه مقدار کربن آلی دارای همبستگی بالا با میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه‌ها (53/0R2=) بود و تیمار حاوی مایکوریزا باعث افزایش کربن آلی از 73/0 درصد در شاهد بدون گیاه به 02/1 درصد شد. در شرایط گلخانه تیمارمایکوریزا باعث افزایش خاکدانه‌های درشت و کاهش خاکدانه‌های ریز شد. همچنین استفاده همزمان باکتری و قارچ تأثیر کمتری بر پایداری خاکدانه­ها نسبت به اثرات جداگانه آن­ها داشت، زیرا استفاده همزمان، تأثیری بر رشد گیاه نداشت. در شرایط مزرعه تیمارها تأثیر معنی­داری بر سایر کلاس اندازه خاکدانه­ها نداشتند. نتایج نشان داد که همزیستی میکوریزی و باکتری ریزوبیوم به‌عنوان یک روش بیولوژیک و پایدار باعث ارتقای کیفیت ساختمان خاک شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

کود بیولوژیک؛ کربن آلی؛ میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه‌ها

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