اثر آتش بر برخی ویژگی‌های شیمیایی خاک جنگل در نزدیک تنه و مرز تاج بلوط ایرانی (.Quercus brantii Lindl)

آب و خاک

مقاله 10، دوره 33، شماره 6 - شماره پیاپی 68، بهمن 1398، صفحه 913-922   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v33i6.80914

نویسندگان

الهام یزدانی؛ وحید حسینی^* ؛ کیومرث محمدی سمانی

دانشگاه کردستان

چکیده

آتش می­تواند طیف گسترده­ای از خصوصیات فیزیکی، شیمیایی، کانی­شناسی و زیستی خاک را بسته به شدت خود تغییر دهد. هدف از انجام این پژوهش، بررسی و مقایسه اثر آتش بر ویژگی­های شیمیایی خاک جنگلی در موقعیت­های متفاوت در زیر گونه درخت بلوط ایرانی (برودار) (.Quercus brantii Lindl) در شهرستان مریوان بود. برای انجام این تحقیق، دامنه­ای که در مرداد ماه سال 1396 آتش­سوزی رخ داده بود، انتخاب شد. سپس ترانسکتی بر روی خطوط تراز به طول 250 متر پیاده شد و در فواصل 30 متری نزدیک­ترین درخت برودار انتخاب شد و در نهایت دو نمونه خاک در عمق 5-0 سانتی­متری و در دو فاصله نزدیک تنه (50 سانتی­متری) و مرز تاج برداشت شد. در مجاورت این دامنه؛ منطقه شاهد انتخاب و به همین ترتیب عمل شد. در نهایت 32 نمونه خاک سوخته و نسوخته، برداشت و پس از انتقال به آزمایشگاه برخی ویژگی­های شیمیایی شامل کربن، نیتروژن، فسفر، کلسیم، منیزیم، پتاسیم تبادلی، pH و EC اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش فاصله از تنه درخت، مقدار کربن و نیتروژن خاک افزایش یافت. فسفر، کلسیم، منیزیم و پتاسیم با حرکت به سمت مرز تاج درختان کاهش معنی­داری داشتند. pH و هدایت الکتریکی نیز با افزایش فاصله از تنه درختان کاهش معنی­داری داشتند. به طور کلی می­توان گفت با حرکت از موقعیت نزدیک تنه به طرف مرز تاج خصوصیات خاک سوخته متفاوت بوده است که به دلیل تفاوت در مقدار مواد قابل اشتعال تجمع­یافته، احتمالا شدت آتش کمتر شده و در نتیجه اثرات متفاوتی بر خاک گذاشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تاج درخت؛ جنگل بلوط زاگرس شمالی؛ خاک جنگل؛ شدت آتش

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