نقش ورمی‌کمپوست در تغییر مؤلفه‌های فیزیکی، شیمیایی، هیدرولیکی و آبشویی یک خاک لومی‌شنی

آب و خاک

مقاله 7، دوره 34، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 71، مرداد 1399، صفحه 609-622   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v34i3.80755

نویسندگان

حسین باقری¹؛ حمید زارع ابیانه^{* 1}؛ عزیزاله ایزدی²

¹دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان

²فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

هدف مطالعه حاضر بررسی اثر ورمی‌کمپوست بر ویژگی‌های شیمیایی، فیزیکی، هیدرولیکی و آبشویی املاح و کلوئیدهای خاک است. به‌منظور اصلاح خاک، 45/1 درصد وزنی ورمی‌کمپوست با خاک طبیعی مخلوط و ویژگی‌های فیزیکی، شیمیایی و هیدرولیکی دو خاک طبیعی و خاک دارای ورمی‌کمپوست تعیین گردید. سپس، ستون‌هایی با طول و قطر 20 و 95/5 سانتی‌متر تهیه و با 10 سانتی‌متر خاک پر شد تا عمل آبشویی به‌مدت 24 ساعت در حالت اشباع به‌درون آن‌ها انجام شود. محلول‌های خروجی در زمان‌های مختلف جمع‌آوری و مقادیر سدیم، نیترات، کربن آلی محلول، کل املاح محلول (TDS) و کلوئید پس از اندازه‌گیری به صورت تجمعی تا 6 و 24 ساعت آبشویی محاسبه و مقایسه میانگین‌ها در سطح 5% انجام شد. ورمی‌کمپوست، از ویژگی‌های شیمیایی ماده آلی، کربن آلی، نیترات قابل استخراج، سدیم محلول، سدیم محلول و تبادلی، EC و TDS را به‌اندازه 42/12، 9/12، 96/118، 43/80، 48/44، 4/109 و 4/109 درصد افزایش و pH را 35/2 درصد کاهش داد. کاهش 81/3 درصدی چگالی ظاهری، افزایش 38/1، 25/7 و 6/5 درصدی تخلخل، هدایت هیدرولیکی و سرعت آب‌حفره‌ای و جابجایی منحنی رطوبتی به سمت رطوبت‌های بیشتر در اطراف نقطه اشباع و پژمردگی دائم از دیگر اثرات ورمی‌کمپوست است. طبق نتایج آبشویی، ورمی‌کمپوست موجب آبشویی معنی‌دار سدیم، نیترات، کربن آلی، TDS و کلوئید خاک در سطح احتمال 5 درصد و کاهش نرخ آن‌ها در زمان‌های طولانی‌تر شد. علی‌رغم نتایج مثبت کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست، فرآیند آبشویی24 ساعته به‌سبب خروج تنها 8 درصد از TDS بخش ورمی‌کمپوست خاک، نقش موثری در کاهش شوری خاک نداشت در حالی که سبب خروج 6/44 درصد از نیترات ورمی‌کمپوست خاک شد که ‌می‌تواند نگران‌کننده باشد. با توجه به اینکه این مطالعه تنها بر روی یک خاک شنی‌لومی در شرایط آزمایشگاهی انجام شده لذا نتایج آن قابل تعمیم به دیگر خاک‌ها نبوده و برای خاک‌های با بافت متفاوت انجام مجدد این مطالعات توصیه می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ضرایب هیدرولیکی خاک؛ منحنی رطوبتی خاک؛ آبشویی کربن آلی محلول؛ آبشویی نیترات؛ آبشویی کلوئید

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