تأثیر تغییر کاربری اراضی بر برخی از شاخص‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی کیفیت خاک، منطقه بازفت، (استان چهارمحال و بختیاری)

آب و خاک

مقاله 14، دوره 34، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 71، تابستان 1399، صفحه 707-720  

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v34i3.84914

نویسندگان

محمد مولائی آرپناهی¹؛ محمد حسن صالحی ²؛ مصطفی کریمیان اقبال¹؛ زهره مصلح²

¹تربیت مدرس تهران

²شهرکرد

چکیده

تغییر کاربری اراضی و شیوه­های مدیریتی زمین علاوه بر تأثیر فراوانی که بر ویژگی­های خاک دارد، می­تواند منجر به از دست رفتن بسیاری از کاربردهای خاک گردد. بنابراین، مطالعات در زمینه اثر مدیریت‌های متفاوت روی ویژگی­های مختلف خاک و در جهت مدیریت پایدار منابع خاک اهمیت فراوانی دارد. در این پژوهش اثر تغییر کاربری اراضی در کاربری­های شامل جنگل بکر، باغ گردو، زمین کشاورزی و جنگل تخریب ‌شده بر برخی از ویژگی های فیزیکی و شیمیایی کیفیت خاک در منطقه بازفت استان چهارمحال و بختیاری با شرایط یکسان از نظر تأثیر فرآیندهای خاک‌سازی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. برای این منظور از هر کدام از چهار کاربری مورد نظر 10 نمونه خاک (در مجموع 40 نمونه) از عمق صفر تا 30 سانتی­متری در قالب شبکه کاملاً تصادفی جمع‌آوری و ویژگی­های مورد نظر تجزیه شدند. با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده از این پژوهش  می‌توان بیان داشت که تغییر کاربری تأثیر معنی­دار روی تمام ویژگی­های مورد بررسی به غیر از درصد سیلت دارد. به طور کلی تخریب جنگل موجب کاهش شدید کیفیت خاک می‌گردد با این وجود تغییر کاربری از کشاورزی به باغ گردو منجر به بهبود کیفیت خاک می­شود. بنابراین با توجه به حساس و شکننده بودن اکوسیستم‌های منطقه زاگرس جلوگیری از جنگل زدایی به ‌شدت توصیه می­گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تغییر کاربری اراضی؛ کیفیت خاک؛ بازفت

مراجع

1- Adeel Z., Safriel, U., Niemeijer D., White R., Kalbermatten G., and Glantz M. 2005. Millenium Ecosystem Assessment. Ecosystems and Huaman Well-bering Desertification Synthesis. Washington DC World Resources Institute, 1(1):623-662. Available at .(http://www.millenniumassessment.org/document.355 ).

2- Barbier E.B., 2000. The economic linkages between rural poverty and land degradation: some evidence from Africa. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment 82(1-3): 355-370.

3- Besalatpour A.A., Ayobi S., Hajabbasi M.A., Gharipour A., and Yousefian j.A. 2014. Feature selection using parallel genetic algorithm for the prediction of geometric mean diameter of soil aggegates by machine learning methods. Arid Land Researche and Management 28(4): 383-394.

4- Blake G.R., and Hartge K. 1986. Bulk density1. p. 363–375. A. Klute (ed.) Methods of soil Analysis physical and mineralogical methods (methodsofsoilan1). Part 1. Agron. Monogr. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.

5- Bolan N., Hedley M., and White R. 1991. Processes of soil acidification during nitrogen cycling with emphasis on legume based pastures. Plant and Soil 134 (1): 53-63.

6- Bouyoucos G.J. 1962. Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analyses of soils 1. Agronomy Journal 54(5): 464-465.

7- Bowman R., Reeder J., and Lober R. 1990. Changes In Soil Properties In A Central Plains Rangeland Soil After 3, 20, And 60 Years Of Cultivation1. Soil Science 150(6): 851-857.

8- Celik I. 2005. Land use effects on organic matter and physical properties of soil in a southern Mediterranean highland of Turkey. Soil and Tillage Research 83(2): 270-277.

9- Chaneton E. J., and Lavado R. S. 1996. Soil nutrients and salinity after long-term grazing exclusion in a flooding pampa grassland. Journal of Rang Management 49(2): 182-187.

10- Famiglietti J.S., Rudnticki J.W., and Rodell M. 1998. Variability in surface moisture content along a hill slope transect Rattlesnake Hill, Texas. Journal of Hydrology 210 (1-4): 259-281.

11- Frac M., Lipiec J., Usowicz B., Oszust K., and Brzezinska M. 2017. Microbial and physical properties as indicators of sandy soil quality under cropland and grassland. In EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts 19: (95-95).

12- Geissen V., Sanchez H.R., Kampichler C., Ramos R.R., Sepulveda L.A., Ochoa G.S., De J.B., Huerta L. E., and Hernandez D.S. 2009. Effects of land use change on some properties of tropical soils an example from Southeast Mexico. Geoderma 151(3-4): 87-97.

13- Ghorbani H., Kashi H., and Hafezimoghadas N. 2012. The Effect of Rangeland Change to Agriculture on Some Physical and Chemical Properties of Soils in Golestan Province. Soil Management Journal 2(3): 49-58. (In Persian).

14- Gregorich E.G. and Carter M.R., 2007. Soil sampling and methods of analysis. CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor and Francis Group. an Informa business.

15- Guo L.B., and Gifford R.M. 2002. Soil carbon stocks and land use change: a meta analysis. Global Change Biology 8(4): 345-360.

16- Hobbs P., Woodhead T., and Meisner C. 1994. Soil physical factors limiting the productivity of the rice-wheat rotation and ways to reduce their impact through management. Wheat in Heat-stressed Environments: Irrigated, Dry Areas, and Rice-wheat Farming Systems: Proceedings of the International Conferences, Wheat in Hot, Dry, Irrigated Environments, Wad Medani, Sudan, 1-4 February 1993, Wheat in Warm Area, Rice-wheat Farming Systems, Dinajpur, Bangladesh, 13-15 Feburary [sic] 1993, 1994. CIMMYT, 276.

17- Islam K.R. and Weil R.R. 2000. Land use effects on soil quality in a tropical forest ecosystem of Bangladesh. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 79(1): 9-16.

18- Jafari Z., Niknahad G, Komaki H., and Choogh B.,K. 2014. physical and chemical properties of soil Investigate under two range management scenarios (case study, Chut Rangelands in Gonbade kavoos). Desert Ecosystem Engineering Journal 3(4): 11-20. (In Persian)

19- Jaiyeoba I. 2003. Changes in soil properties due to continuous cultivation in Nigerian semiarid Savannah. Soil and Tillage Research 70(1): 91-98.

20- Kemper, W.D., and Rosenau R.,C. 1986. Aggregate stability and size distribution.p 425-442.

21- Kukal S., and Aggarwal G. 2002. Percolation losses of water in relation to puddling intensity and depth in a sandy loam rice (Oryza sativa) field. Agricultural Water Management 57(1): 49-59.

22- Lambin E.F., and Geist H.J., editors. 2008. Land use and land cover change local processes and global impacts. Springer Science and Business Media.

23- Lambin E.F. 1997. Modelling and monitoring land cover change processes in tropical regions. Progress in physical Geography, 21(3):375-393.

24- Mandal D., Singh R., Dhyani S.K., and Dhyani B.L. 2010. Landscape and Land Use Effects on Soil Resources In A Himalayan Watershed, Catena, 81 (3): 203–208.

25- Martinez M.M., Lopez J., Almagro M., Boix F.C., and Albaladejo J. 2008. Effect of water erosion and cultivation on the soil carbon stock in a semiarid area of South-East Spain. Soil and Tillage Research 99(1): 119-129.

26- McLean E.O. 1982. Soil pH and lime requirement. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological properties, (methodsofsoilan2): 199-224.

27- Mokhtari P., Ayoubi S.h., and Mosaddeghi M.R. 2011. Effects of land use and slope gradient on soil organic carbon pools in particle-size fractions and some soil physico-chemical properties in hilly regions, western Iran. Soil Management and Sustainable Production Journal. 1(1): 23-42. (in Persian)

28- Nekooimehr M., Rafania N., Raisian R., Jahanbazi M., Talebi M., and Abdolahi K.H. 2006. Impact of road construction on forest destruction in Bazoft region. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research 14(3): 228-243. (In Persian with English abstract)

29- Nelson D.W., and Sommers L.E. 1996. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. Methods of soil analysis part 3, chemical methods (methodsofsoilan3), p 961-1010.

30- Page D.S., Jurgensen M.F., Tiarks A.E., Ponder J.F., Sanchez F.G., Fleming R.L., Kranabetter J.M., Powers R.F., Stone D.M., Elioff J.D., and Scott D.A. 2006. Soil physical property changes at the North American Long-Term Soil Productivity study sites: 1 and 5 years after compaction. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36(3): 551-564.

31- Rasmussen P.E., and Rohde C.R. 1988. Long term tillage and nitrogen fertilization effects on organic nitrogen and carbon in a semiarid soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal 52(4): 1114-1117.

32- Shahui S. 2006. The nature and properties of soils. University of Kurdistan Publications. p 880.

33- Szilassi P., Jordan G., Kovacs F., Van Rompaey A., and Van Dessel W. 2010. Investigating the link between soil quality and agricultural land use change. A case study in the Lake Balaton catchment, Hungary. Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences 5(2): 61-70.

34- Vitousek P.M., Mooney H.A., Lubchenco J., and Melillo J.M. 1997. Human domination of Earth's ecosystems. Science 277(5325): 494-499.

35- Wall D.H., Ritz K., Six J., Strong D.R., and van der Putten W.H. 2012. Soil ecology and ecosystem services. Oxford University Press.

36- Wu R., and Tiessen H. 2002. Effect of land use on soil degradation in alpine grassland soil, China. Soil Science Society of America Journal 66(5): 1648-1655.

37- Yousefifard M., Khademi H., and Jalalian A. 2007. Decline in soil quality as a result of land use change in Cheshmeh Ali region, Chaharmahal Bakhtiari province.Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resoures 14(1): 28-38. (In Persian with English abstract)

38- Zolfaghari A.A., and Hajabassi M.A. 2009. The effects of land use change on physical properties and water repellency of soils in Lordegan forest and Freidunshar pasture. Journal of Water and Soil Agriculture Journal 22(2): 251-262. (In Persian with English abstract.