تأثیر باکتری‌های محرک رشد بر تولید اسیدهای آلی و غلظت سرب و کادمیوم در گیاه کلم

آب و خاک

مقاله 16، دوره 34، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 71، مرداد 1399، صفحه 737-754   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v34i3.85068

نویسندگان

سمانه عبداللهی^* ؛ احمد گلچین؛ فاطمه شهریاری

دانشگاه زنجان

چکیده

اسیدهای آلی از جمله ترکیبات طبیعی هستند که از ریشه گیاه ترشح می‌شوند و می‌توانند حلالیت و جذب فلزات سنگین را تحت تأثیر قرار دهند. به منظور بررسی تأثیر باکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه بر تولید اسیدهای آلی و جذب فلزات سنگین توسط ارقام مختلف کلم یک آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه زنجان اجرا گردید. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل سه رقم کلم (کلم زینتی، کلم بروکلی و کلم برگ) و شش سطح تلقیح با باکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه‎ شامل Pseudomonas putida PTCC1694، Bacillus megaterium PTCC1656، Bacillus subtilis PTCC1715،Proteus vulgaris PTCC1079 ، Azotobacter chroococcum و یک تیمار بدون تلقیح بود. نتایج تجزیه واریانس داده‌ها نشان داد که نوع رقم، تلقیح با باکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه و اثرات متقابل آن‌ها تأثیر معنی‌داری در سطح احتمال یک درصد (01/0>p) بر غلظت اسیدهای آلی خاک ریزوسفری، عملکرد تر و خشک گیاه، غلظت سرب و کادمیوم ریشه و بخش هوایی گیاه کلم داشتند. مقایسه میانگین‌ها نشان داد که تولید اسیدهای آلی در منطقه ریزوسفری، حلالیت و غلظت فلزات سنگین در گیاهان را افزایش داد. به‌طوری که بیش‌ترین غلظت اسیدمالیک و سیتریک در خاک ریزوسفری تلقیح شده با باکتری P. putida مشاهده شد. بیش‌ترین غلظت سرب و کادمیوم ریشه و بخش هوایی گیاه کلم نیز در همین تیمار به دست آمد. ‌هم‌چنین بیش‌ترین غلظت اسید استیک، بیش‌ترین عملکرد گیاه کلم، بیش‌ترین غلظت کربن آلی محلول و کمترین اسیدیته خاک ریزوسفری مربوط به تیمار تلقیح شده با باکتری B. megaterium بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اسیدآلی؛ استیک اسید؛ ریزوباکس؛ سیتریک؛ مالیک

مراجع

1. Ahmad I., Akhtar M.J., Asghar H.N., Ghafoor U., and Shahid, M. 2016. Differential effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on maize growth and cadmium uptake. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 35: 303-315.

2. Aleksandrov V.G., Blagodyr R.N., and Ilev I.P. 1967. Liberation of phosphoric acid from apatite by silicate bacteria. Microbiological Journal 29: 111-114.

3. Allen S.E., Grimshaw H.M., and Rowland A.P. 1986. Chemical Analysis. pp. 285-344, In: Moore P.D., and Chapman S.B. (Ed.), Methods in plant ecology. Blackwell, Scientific Publication, Oxford, London.

4. Alloway B.J. 1995. Heavy metals in soils. 2nd edn. Blackey Academic and Professional.

5. Baharlouei J., Pazira E., and Solhi M. 2011. Evaluation of inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on cadmium uptake by canola and barley, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology.

6. Beveridge T.J. 1988. The bacterial surface: general considerations towards design and function. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 34: 363-372.

7. Bhattacharyya D., Garladinne M., and Lee Y.H. 2015. Volatile indole produced by rhizobacterium Proteus vulgaris JBLS202 stimulates growth of Arabidopsis thaliana through auxin, cytokinin, and brassinosteroid pathways. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 34: 158-168.

8. Biswas J.C., Ladha J.K., and Dazzo F.B. 2000. Rhizobia inoculation improves nutrient uptake and growth of lowland rice. Soil Science Society of America Journal 64: 1644-1650.

9. Bouyoucos G.J. 1962. Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analyses of soils. Agronomy Journal 54: 464-465.

10. Cakmakci R., Turan M., Gulluce M., and Sahin F. 2014. Rhizobacteria for reduced fertilizer inputs in wheat (Triticum aestivum spp. vulgare) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) on Aridisols in Turkey. International Journal of Plant Production 8: 163-181.

11. Çakmakçı R., Erat M., Erdoğan Ü., and Dönmez M.F. 2007. The influence of plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria on growth and enzyme activities in wheat and spinach plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 170: 288-295.

12. Chaney R.L., Green C.E., Filcheva E., and Brown S.L. 1994. Effect of Iron, Manganese, and Zinc Enriched Biosolids Compost on Uptake of Cadmium by Lettuce from Cadmium-Contaminated Soils. pp. 205-207, In: Clapp C.E., Larson W.E., and Dowdy R.H. (Ed.), Sewage sludge: Land utilization and the environment. American Society of Agronomy.

13. Curaqueo G., Schoebitz M., Borie F., Caravaca F., and Roldan A. 2014. Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and addition of composted olive-mill waste enhance plant establishment and soil properties in the regeneration of a heavy metal-polluted environment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 21: 7403-7412.

14. Elkoca E., Kantar F., and Sahin F. 2007. Influence of nitrogen fixing and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria on the nodulation, plant growth, and yield of chickpea. Journal of Plant Nutrition 31: 157-171.

15. Emami A. 1996. Methods of plant analysis. Journal of Research Organ Education and Agricultural 982: 11-28. (In Persian with English abstract).

16. Erman M., Kotan R., Çakmakçı R., Çığ F., Karagöz K., and Sezen M. 2010. Effect of nitrogen fixing and phosphate-solubilizing rhizobacteria isolated from van lake basin on the growth and quality properties in wheat and sugar beet. Organic Farming Symposium 28: 325-329.

17. Esitken A., Karlidag H., Ercisli S., Turan M., and Sahin F. 2003. The effect of spraying a growth promoting bacterium on the yield, growth and nutrient element composition of leaves of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L. cv. Hacihaliloglu). Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54: 377-380.

18. Fayetorbay D., Karagoz K., Dadasoglu F., Comakli B., Cakmakci R., and Kotan R. 2010. Common vetch (Vicia sativa) growth and yield in relation to single and mixed cultures of plant growth promoting bacteria, mineral and organic fertilizers. Proceedings of the Turkey IV Organic Farming Symposium 696-701.

19. Gadd G.M. and Sayer J.A. 2000. Influence of fungi on the environmental mobility of metals and metalloids. pp. 237-256, Environmental Microbe-Metal Interactions. American Society of Microbiology.

20. Gunes A., Karagoz K., Turan M., Kotan R., Yildirim E., Cakmakci R., and Sahin F. 2015. Fertilizer efficiency of some plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for plant growth. Research journal of soil biology 7: 28-45.

21. Güneş A., Turan M., Güllüce M., and Şahin F. 2014. Nutritional content analysis of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria species. European Journal of Soil Biology 60: 88-97.

22. Gupta A., Meyer J.M., and Goel R. 2002. Development of heavy metal-resistant mutants of phosphate solubilizing Pseudomonas sp. NBRI 4014 and their characterization. Current Microbiology 45: 323-327.

23. Halstead R.L., Finn B.J., and MacLean A.J. 1969. Extractability of nickel added to soils and its concentration in plants. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 49: 335-342.

24. Han H.S. and Lee K.D. 2005. Physiological responses of soybean-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum with PGPR in saline soil conditions. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences 1: 216-221.

25. Harinathan B., Sankaralingam S., Palpperumal S., Kathiresan D., Shankar T., and Prabhu D. 2016. Effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria on growth and development of Pearl Millet and Ragi. Journal of Advances in Biology and Biotechnology 7: 1-7.

26. Hinsinger P., Plassard C., Tang C., and Jaillard B. 2003. Origins of root-mediated pH changes in the rhizosphere and their responses to environmental constraints. Plant and Soil 248: 43-59.

27. Horvath B., Opara-Nadi O., and Beese F. 2005. A simple method for measuring the carbonate content of soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 69: 1066-1068.

28. Hseu Z.Y. 2004. Evaluating heavy metal contents in nine composts using four digestion methods. Bioresource Technology 95: 53-59.

29. Jalil A., Selles F., and Clarke J.M. 1994. Effect of cadmium on growth and the uptake of cadmium and other elements by durum wheat. Journal of Plant Nutrition 17: 1839-1858.

30. Karagoz K. and Kotan R. 2010. Effects of some plant growth promoting bacteria on growth of lettuce and bacterial leaf spot disease. Turkey Biyoloji Mucadele Dergisi 1: 165-179.

31. Karakurt H., Kotan R., Dadasoglu F., Aslantas R., and Şahhin F. 2011. Effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on fruit set, pomological and chemical characteristics, color values, and vegetative growth of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus cv. Kütahya). Turkish Journal of Biology 35: 283-291.

32. Karimi A., Khodaverdiloo H., and Rasouli Sadaghiani M. H. 2017. Fungi and bacteria as helping agents for remediation of a Pb-contaminated soil by Onopordum acanthium. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 15: 249-262.

33. Kartik V.P., Jinal H.N., and Amaresan N. 2016. Characterization of cadmium-resistant bacteria for its potential in promoting plant growth and cadmium accumulation in Sesbania bispinosa root. International Journal of Phytoremediation 18: 1061-1066.

34. Keshavarz Zarjani J., Aliasgharzad N., and Oustan S. 2013. Effects of six strains of potassium releasing bacteria on growth and potassium uptake of Tomato Plant. Water and Soil Science 23: 245-255.

35. Khan A., Jilani G., Akhtar M.S., Saqlan Naqvi S., and Rasheed M. 2009. Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria: Occurrence, Mechanisms and their role in crop production. Agricultural biology Science 1: 48-58.

36. Kotan R. and Şahin F. 2006. Biological control of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and nutritional similarity in carbon source utilization of pathogen and its potential biocontrol agents. The Journal of Turkish Phytopathology 35: 1-13.

37. Lasat M.M. 2002. Phytoextraction of toxic metals. Journal of Environment Quality 31: 109-120.

38. Lawongsa P., Inubushi K., and Wada H. 1987. Determination of organic acids in soil by high performance liquid chromatography. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 33: 299-302.

39. Liao M. and Xie X.M. 2004. Cadmium release in contaminated soils due to organic acids. Pedosphere 14: 223-228.

40. Lin Q., Zheng C.R., Chen H.M., and Chen Y.X. 1998. Transformation of cadmium species in rhizosphere. Acta Pedologica Sinica 35: 461-467.

41. Lin Q., Chen Y.X., Chen H.M., and Zheng C.M. 2003. Study on chemical behavior of root exudates with heavy metals. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science 9: 425-431.

42. Lindsay W.L. and Norvell W.A. 1978. Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. Soil Science Society of America Journal 42: 421-428.

43. Ma Y., Rajkumar M., and Freitas H. 2009. Improvement of plant growth and nickel uptake by nickel resistant-plant-growth promoting bacteria. Journal of Hazardous Materials 166: 1154-1161.

44. Ma Y., Rajkumar M., Rocha I., Oliveira R.S., and Freitas H. 2015. Serpentine bacteria influence metal translocation and bioconcentration of Brassica juncea and Ricinus communis grown in multi-metal polluted soils. Frontiers in Plant Science 5: 757-766.

45. Ma Y., Oliveira R.S., Freitas H., and Zhang C. 2016. Biochemical and molecular mechanisms of plant-microbe-metal interactions: relevance for phytoremediation. Frontiers in Plant Science 7: 1-19.

46. Marulanda-Aguirre A., Azcon R., Ruiz-Lozano J.M., and Aroca R. 2008. Differential effects of a Bacillus megaterium strain on Lactuca sativa plant growth depending on the origin of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus coinoculated: physiologic and biochemical traits. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 27: 1-10.

47. McBride M.B. 1994. Environmental Chemistry of Soils. Oxford University Press, New York.

48. McLaughlin M.J., Smolders E., Merckx R., and Maes A. 1997. Plant uptake of Cd and Zn in chelator-buffered nutrient solution depends on ligand type. In: Plant nutrition for sustainable food production and environment, vol.78, pp. 113-118. Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences, Springer, Dordrecht.

49. Meier S., Cornejo P., Cartes P., Borie F., Medina J., and Azcon R. 2015. Interactive effect between Cu‐adapted arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and biotreated agrowaste residue to improve the nutritional status of Oenothera picensis growing in Cu‐polluted soils. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 178: 126-135.

50. Mench M. and Martin E. 1991. Mobilization of cadmium and other metals from two soils by root exudates of Zea mays L., Nicotiana tabacum L. and Nicotiana rustica L. Plant and Soil 132: 187-196.

51. Min T. 1998. Progress in study on VA-mycorhiza fungi in enhancing plant resistance to saline-alkali and heavy metals. Turang (China).

52. Mohammadzadeh A., Tavakoli M., Motesharezadeh B., and Chaichi M.R. 2017. Effects of plant growth-promoting bacteria on the phytoremediation of cadmium-contaminated soil by sunflower. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 63: 807-816.

53. Mullen M.D., Wolf D.C., Ferris F.G., Beveridge T.J., Flemming C.A., and Bailey G.W. 1989. Bacterial sorption of heavy metals. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 55: 3143-3149.

54. Niu Z.X., Sun L.N., Sun T.H., Li Y.S., and Wang H. 2007. Evaluation of phytoextracting cadmium and lead by sunflower, ricinus, alfalfa and mustard in hydroponic culture. Journal of Environmental Sciences 19: 961-967.

55. Öğüt M. and Er F. 2006. Micronutrient composition of field‐grown dry bean and wheat inoculated with Azospirillum and Trichoderma. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 169: 699-703.

56. Orhan E., Esitken A., Ercisli S., Turan M., and Sahin F. 2006. Effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield, growth and nutrient contents in organically growing raspberry. Scientia Horticulturae 111: 38-43.

57. Papa S., Bartoli G., Pellegrino A., and Fioretto A. 2010. Microbial activities and trace element contents in an urban soil. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 165: 193-203.

58. Park J., Bolan N., Megharaj M., and Naidu R. 2010. Isolation of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and characterization of their effects on lead immobilization. Pedologist 53: 67-75.

59. Patil V. 2014. Bacillus subtilis: A potential salt tolerant phosphate solubilizing bacterial agent. International Journal of Life Sciences Biotechnology and Pharma Research 3: 141.

60. Prajapati K.B., and Modi H.A. 2012. Isolation and characterization of potassium solubilizing bacteria from ceramic industry soil. CIBTech Journal of Microbiology 1: 8-14.

61. Prapagdee B. and Khonsue N. 2015. Bacterial-assisted cadmium phytoremediation by Ocimum gratissimum L. in polluted agricultural soil: a field trial experiment. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 12: 3843-3852.

62. Rajkumar M. and Freitas H. 2008. Influence of metal resistant-plant growth-promoting bacteria on the growth of Ricinus communis in soil contaminated with heavy metals. Chemosphere 71: 834-842.

63. Rajkumar M., Ae N., Prasad M.N.V., and Freitas H. 2010. Potential of siderophore-producing bacteria for improving heavy metal phytoextraction. Trends in Biotechnology 28: 142-149.

64. Rani A., Shouche Y.S., and Goel R. 2008. Declination of copper toxicity in pigeon pea and soil system by growth-promoting Proteus vulgaris KNP3 strain. Current Microbiology 57: 78.

65. Rayment G.E., and Lyons D.J. 2011. Soil Chemical Methods: Australasia. vol.3 pp. 512,. CSIRO publishing.

66. Sangthong C., Setkit K., and Prapagdee B. 2016. Improvement of cadmium phytoremediation after soil inoculation with a cadmium-resistant Micrococcus sp. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23: 756-764.

67. Santoro M.V., Zygadlo J., Giordano W., and Banchio E. 2011. Volatile organic compounds from rhizobacteria increase biosynthesis of essential oils and growth parameters in peppermint (Mentha piperita). Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 49: 1177-1182.

68. SAS Institute Inc. 1990. Output delivery system: User's guide. SAS institute.

69. Schwab A.P., He Y., and Banks M.K. 2005. The influence of organic ligands on the retention of lead in soil. Chemosphere 61: 856-866.

70. Serna-Posso E.J., Sanchez-de Prager M., and Cisneros-Rojas C.A. 2017. Organic acids production by rhizosphere microorganisms isolated from a Typic Melanudands and its effects on the inorganic phosphates solubilization. Acta Agronomica 66: 241-247.

71. Setiawati T.C. and Mutmainnah L. 2016. Solubilization of potassium containing mineral by microorganisms from sugarcane rhizosphere. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia 9: 108-117.

72. Sharma S., Kumar V., and Tripathi R.B. 2017. Isolation of phosphate solubilizing microorganism (PSMs) from soil. Journal of microbiology and Biotechnology Research 1: 90-95.

73. Sheng X.F. and He L.Y. 2006. Solubilization of potassium-bearing minerals by a wild-type strain of Bacillus edaphicus and its mutants and increased potassium uptake by wheat. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 52: 66-72.

74. Sheng X.F. and Xia J.J. 2006. Improvement of rape (Brassica napus) plant growth and cadmium uptake by cadmium-resistant bacteria. Chemosphere 64: 1036-1042.

75. Sugumaran P. and Janarthanam B. 2007. Solubilization of potassium containing minerals by bacteria and their effect on plant growth. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 3: 350-355.

76. Torre M.A.D.L., Gomez-Alarcon G., Vizcaino C., and Garcia M.T. 1992. Biochemical mechanisms of stone alteration carried out by filamentous fungi living in monuments. Biogeochemistry 19: 129-147.

77. Turan M., Ataoğlu N., and Şahιn F. 2006. Evaluation of the capacity of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and fungi on different forms of phosphorus in liquid culture. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 28: 99-108.

78. Turan M., Gulluce M., and Şahin F. 2012. Effects of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria on yield, growth, and some physiological characteristics of wheat and barley plants. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 43: 1658-1673.

79. Vance E.D., Brookes P.C., and Jenkinson D.S. 1987. An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 19: 703-707.

80. Walkley A. and Black I.A. 1934. An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science 37: 29-38.

81. Walpola B.C., and Yoon M.H. 2013. Isolation and characterization of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their co-inoculation efficiency on tomato plant growth and phosphorous uptake. African Journal of Microbiology Research 7: 266-275.

82. Wenzel W.W. 2009. Rhizosphere processes and management in plant-assisted bioremediation (phytoremediation) of soils. Plant and Soil 321: 385-408.

83. Wu L.H., Luo Y.M., Christie P., and Wong M.H. 2003. Effects of EDTA and low molecular weight organic acids on soil solution properties of a heavy metal polluted soil. Chemosphere 50: 819-822.

84. Wu S.C., Cheung K.C., Luo Y.M., and Wong M.H. 2006. Effects of inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on metal uptake by Brassica juncea. Environmental Pollution 140: 124-135.

85. Xie X., Zhang H., and Pare P. 2009. Sustained growth promotion in Arabidopsis with long-term exposure to the beneficial soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis (GB03). Plant Signaling and Behavior 4: 948-953.

86. Yousaf S., Andria V., Reichenauer T.G., Smalla K., and Sessitsch A. 2010. Phylogenetic and functional diversity of alkane degrading bacteria associated with Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) in a petroleum oil-contaminated environment. Journal of Hazardous Materials 184: 523-532.

87. Youssef R.A., and Chino M. 1988. Development of a new Rhizobox system to study the nutrient status in the rhizosphere. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 34: 461-465.

88. Yu S.M., and Lee Y.H. 2013. Plant growth promoting rhizobacterium Proteus vulgaris JBLS202 stimulates the seedling growth of Chinese cabbage through indole emission. Plant and Soil 370: 485-495.

89. Zaidi A., Khan M., Ahemad M., and Oves M. 2009. Plant growth promotion by phosphate solubilizing bacteria. Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica 56: 263-284.

90. Zaidi S. and Musarrat J. 2004. Characterization and nickel sorption kinetics of a new metal hyper-accumulator Bacillus sp. Journal of Environmental Science and Health 39: 681-691.

91. Zaidi S., Usmani S., Singh B.R., and Musarrat J. 2006. Significance of Bacillus subtilis strain SJ-101 as a bioinoculant for concurrent plant growth promotion and nickel accumulation in Brassica juncea. Chemosphere 64: 991-997.

92. Zhang F., Dashti N., Hynes R.K., and Smith D.L. 1996. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] nodulation and nitrogen fixation at suboptimal root zone temperatures. Annals of Botany 77: 453-460.

93. Zhuang X., Chen J., Shim H., and Bai Z. 2007. New advances in plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for bioremediation. Environment International 33: 406-413.