ارزیابی وضعیت حاصلخیزی خاک در دیمزارهای شمال‌غرب ایران با استفاده از ارزش شاخص عناصر غذایی (NIV)

آب و خاک

مقاله 10، دوره 34، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 72، آبان 1399، صفحه 897-919   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v34i4.84165

نویسنده

ولی فیضی اصل^*

موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم

چکیده

حاصلخیزی خاک و مدیریت عناصر غذایی یکی از مهمترین عواملی است که به­صورت مستقیم عملکرد و کیفیت محصول را تحت تاثیر قرار می­دهد. درک صحیح از وضعیت حاصلخیزی خاک و مصرف بهینه عناصر غذایی به­عنوان کلید موفقیت تولید محصولات کشاورزی محسوب می­شود. به­منظور ارزیابی وضعیت حاصلخیزی خاک در دیمزارهای شمال­غرب کشور تعداد 674 نمونه خاک از استان­های آذربایجان­شرقی، آذربایجان­غربی، کردستان و کرمانشاه از عمق 25-0 سانتی­متری تهیه شد. در این نمونه­ها بافت خاک، کربنات کلسیم معادل، کربن ­آلی، نیتروژن کل، pH، EC، فسفر، پتاسیم، آهن، منگنز، روی و مس قابل جذب اندازه­گیری شد. تفسیر داده­ها با استفاده از شاخص عناصر غذایی (NIV) بر مبنای دو روش کلاس­بندی گومز (19) و مرسوم انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد، روش گومز (19) نمی­تواند وضعیت عمومی ویژگی­های خاک را در یک جامعه به دلیل میل به مرکزیت داده­ها (وضعیت بهینه) ارزیابی نماید. در محاسبه شاخص NIV، روش مرسوم در اغلب موارد به دلیل انطباق بیشتر با واقعیات موجود در دیمزارها بهتر از روش گومز (19) بود. بر خلاف تصور شوری و آهک به عنوان مشکل جدی در دیمزارها محسوب نمی­شود، اما با افزایش میزان آهک، میزان فسفر، پتاسیم، آهن، منگنز، روی و مس به طور معنی­داری کاهش یافت. وضعیت ماده­آلی در آذربایجان­غربی و شرقی، نیتروژن کل در آذربایجا­شرقی، فسفر آذربایجان­غربی و کردستان، آهن آذربایجان­غربی و کردستان، منگنز آذربایجان­غربی، روی آذربایجان­شرقی و مس آذربایجان­غربی و شرقی کم ارزیابی شد. بنابراین به­منظور بهبود کمی و کیفی تولید در شرایط دیم علاوه بر عناصر نیتروژن و فسفر باید به وضعیت عناصر کم مصرف نیز توجه شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

حاصلخیزی خاک؛ دیم؛ شاخص عناصر غذایی؛ شمال‌غرب ایران

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