ارزیابی وضعیت حاصلخیزی خاک در دیمزارهای شمال‌غرب ایران با استفاده از ارزش شاخص عناصر غذایی (NIV)

آب و خاک

مقاله 10، دوره 34، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 72، مهر 1399، صفحه 897-919   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v34i4.84165

نویسنده

ولی فیضی اصل^*

موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم

چکیده

حاصلخیزی خاک و مدیریت عناصر غذایی یکی از مهمترین عواملی است که به­صورت مستقیم عملکرد و کیفیت محصول را تحت تاثیر قرار می­دهد. درک صحیح از وضعیت حاصلخیزی خاک و مصرف بهینه عناصر غذایی به­عنوان کلید موفقیت تولید محصولات کشاورزی محسوب می­شود. به­منظور ارزیابی وضعیت حاصلخیزی خاک در دیمزارهای شمال­غرب کشور تعداد 674 نمونه خاک از استان­های آذربایجان­شرقی، آذربایجان­غربی، کردستان و کرمانشاه از عمق 25-0 سانتی­متری تهیه شد. در این نمونه­ها بافت خاک، کربنات کلسیم معادل، کربن ­آلی، نیتروژن کل، pH، EC، فسفر، پتاسیم، آهن، منگنز، روی و مس قابل جذب اندازه­گیری شد. تفسیر داده­ها با استفاده از شاخص عناصر غذایی (NIV) بر مبنای دو روش کلاس­بندی گومز (19) و مرسوم انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد، روش گومز (19) نمی­تواند وضعیت عمومی ویژگی­های خاک را در یک جامعه به دلیل میل به مرکزیت داده­ها (وضعیت بهینه) ارزیابی نماید. در محاسبه شاخص NIV، روش مرسوم در اغلب موارد به دلیل انطباق بیشتر با واقعیات موجود در دیمزارها بهتر از روش گومز (19) بود. بر خلاف تصور شوری و آهک به عنوان مشکل جدی در دیمزارها محسوب نمی­شود، اما با افزایش میزان آهک، میزان فسفر، پتاسیم، آهن، منگنز، روی و مس به طور معنی­داری کاهش یافت. وضعیت ماده­آلی در آذربایجان­غربی و شرقی، نیتروژن کل در آذربایجا­شرقی، فسفر آذربایجان­غربی و کردستان، آهن آذربایجان­غربی و کردستان، منگنز آذربایجان­غربی، روی آذربایجان­شرقی و مس آذربایجان­غربی و شرقی کم ارزیابی شد. بنابراین به­منظور بهبود کمی و کیفی تولید در شرایط دیم علاوه بر عناصر نیتروژن و فسفر باید به وضعیت عناصر کم مصرف نیز توجه شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

حاصلخیزی خاک؛ دیم؛ شاخص عناصر غذایی؛ شمال‌غرب ایران

مراجع

1- Ahmadi Golidaraga S., Abbasi Kalob A., and Esmali Ouri A. 2017. Preparation and mapping of soil fertility map based on some chemical properties using GIS in the Ardabil plain.1st International and 5st National Conference on Organic vs. Conventional Agriculture.16-17 Agust 2017. University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, IRAN.

2- Ahmadi M., Mohebalipour N., Feizi-Asl V., and Eskandari I. 2013. Effect of manganese, zinc and boron micronutrients foliar application at different growth stages on quantitative characteristics of rainfed wheat cultivars. Agroecology Journal 9(2): 1-6. (In Persian with English abstract)

3- Ali Ehyaei M., and Behbahanizadeh A.A. 1993. Description of soil method analysis. Soil Water Reserch Institute, Bulltein No. 893. (In Persian)

4- Arjumend T., and Abbasi M.K. 2016. Spatial variability in soil properties and diagnostic leaf characteristics of apple (Malus domestica) in apple growing region of Dheerkot Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany 48(2): 503-510.

5- Ashraf M., Ahmad Tahir F., Nasir M., Bilal Khan M., and Umer F. 2015. Distribution and Indexation of Plant Available Nutrients of District Layyah, Punjab Pakistan. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 3(2): 16-20.

6- Beg K., and Chaurey R. 2018. Assessment of soil fertility and nutrients status of Simrawal and part of Asrawal watershed, Tons sub-Basin, Ganga Basin. International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research and Management 3(6): 78-85.

7- Cabrera R.I., and J.R. Johnson. 2014. Monitoring and managing soluble salts in ornamental plant production. Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey. 88 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8525.

8- Denis M.K.A., Patil L.P., Kamara A.M., and Saidu D.H. 2017. Assessment of soil fertility status using nutrient index approach. Academia Journal of Agricultural Research 5(2): 28-38.

9- Dhamak A.L., Meshram N.A., and Waikar S.L. 2014. Identification of Major Soil Nutritional Constraints in Vertisol, Inceptisol and Entisol from Ambajogai Tahsil of Beed District. Journal of Research in Agriculture and Animal Science 2(10): 35-39.

10- Eskandari I., and Feiziasl V. 2016. Influence of Conservation tillage on some soil physical properties and crop yield in vetch-wheat rotation in dryland cold region. Journal of Agricultural Machinery 7(2): 451-467. (In Persian with English abstract)

11- Fatahinejad E., Siadat A., Esfandeyari M., Moghadesi R., and Moezi A. 2013. Effect of phosphorus fertilizer on yield, oil and canola protein in dry farming in different groups of soil phosphorus fertility. Crop Physiology Journal 5(18): 83-100. (In Persian with English abstract)

12- Feiziasl V. 2016. Evaluation of dryland barley (Hordum vulgare) genotypes response to the nitrogen rates and application times. Journal of Water and Soil 31(2): 490-508. (In Persian with English abstract)

13- Feiziasl V. and Valizadeh G.R. 2003. The effects of nitrogen rates and application times on wheat yield under dryland farming conditions. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Science 17(1): 29-38. (In Persian with English abstract)

14- Feiziasl V., and Valizadeh G. 2004. Effects of phosphorus and zinc fertilizer applications on nutrient concentrations in plant and grain yield in cv. Sardari «Triticum aestivum» under dryland conditions. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 6(3): 223-238. (In Persian with English abstract)

15- Feiziasl V., Fotovat A., Astarae A.R., Lakzian A., Mousavi S.B. 2014. Effect of optimized nitrogen application in reducing drought stress effect on grain yield of some rainfed bread wheat genotypes. Seed and Plant Production Journal 30(2): 169-198. (In Persian with English abstract)

16- Feiziasl V., Fotovat A., Astaraei A., Lakzian A., and Jafarzadeh J. 2019. Determination of chlorophyll content and nitrogen status using SPAD in dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 17(2): 221-240. (In Persian with English abstract)

17- Feiziasl V. 2002. Determining the optimum rate of fertilizer for rainfed sunflower in Maragheh region. Journal of Agricultural Science 1(12): 59-70. (In Persian with English abstract)

18- Feiziasl V. 2006. Determination of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu critical levels and classification for dryland wheat (T. aestivum. L.) in North western of Iran. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. Journal of Agriculture 37(1): 389-401. (In Persian with English abstract)

19- Feiziasl V., Kasraei R., Moghaddam M., and Valizadeh Gh.R. 2004. Investigation on uptake limitation and nutrient deficiency diagnosis at applied phosphorus and zinc fertilizers by different methods in Sardari wheat. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources 11: 23-33. (In Persian with English abstract)

20- Ghaffari A., Eskandari I., Hassanpour Hosni M., Roustaei M., and Feiziasl V. 2007. Dry farming wheat: planting, cultivation and harvesting. Agricultural Education Publishing. p. 158. (In Persian).

21- Gomes F.P. 1985. Curso de estatistica experimental. São Paulo: Nobel, 467p.

22- Hakimi, A. 1986. The briefly study of soil science in Hashtrood. Soil and Water Research Institute, Agriculture Ministry, Bulltein No. 767. (In Persian).

23- Horneck D.A., Sullivan D.M., Owen J.S., and Hart J.M. 2011. Soil Test Interpretation Guide. Oregon State University Extension Service.

24- Jafari S., and Pishgir M. 2016. Study of factors influencing potassium and ammonium fixation in the soil, clay minerals and its roles in potassium fertilizer consumption. Land Management Journal 3.2(2): 121-139. (In Persian with English abstract)

25- Kumar D., Yadav S.R., Kaur R., Choudhary A., and Singh M.B. 2017. Soil fertility status and nutrient recommendations based on soil analysis of Jaisalmer district of western Rajasthan. Asian Journal of Soil Science 12 (1): 103-107.

26- Kumar R., Chand Hazra G., Das R., Majumder S.P., and Chandra Das A. 2019. Nutrient index of available S in Soils of Howrah and South Dinajpur Districts of West Bengal, India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 8(4): 1024-1032.

27- Maguire R.O., and Heckendorn S.E. 2019. Soil test recommendations for Virginia. Virginia Cooperative, Virginia State University. Pages 104.

28- Mandavgade R.R., Waikar S.L., Dhamak A.L., and Patil V.D. 2015. Evaluation of micronutrient status of soils and their relation with some chemical properties of soils of Northern Tahsils (Jintur, Selu and Pathri) of Parbhani district. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science 8(2): 38-41.

29- Maralian H. 2009. Effect of foliar application of Zn and Fe on wheat yield and quality. African Journal of Biotechnology 8(24): 6795-6798.

30- Marschner H. 1995. Functions of mineral nutrients: micronutrients. In: mineral nutrition of higher plants, 2nd Edition, Academic Press, London 313-404.

31- Mirtalebi S., Karimi A., Soleymani A., and Hoodaji M. 2015. Effects of manganese on yield, yield components, and grain quality of wheat cultivars. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 12(4): 649-657. (In Persian with English abstract)

32- Mondal K., and Ramkala R. 2016. Fertility map and horizontal soil potassium status of north-eastern region of Haryana. Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8(4): 2077-2080.

33- Oreei T., Dehghanipour M., and Amjadi H. 2018. Production and growing of fruits and ornamental trees. Iran's Textbooks Printing and Publishing Company. (In Persian)

34- Parker F.W., Nelson W.L., Winters E., and Miles I.E. 1951. The broad interpretation and application of soil test Information. Agronomy Journal 43: 105-112.

35- Parvizi Y., Gorji M., Husaini Joodaki R., and Parvizi K. 2016. Effects of land use change from low yield drylands to agro-forestry on soil physical properties and organic carbon stock. Iranian Journal of Forest 7: 523-538. (In Persian with English abstract)

36- Pathak H. 2010. Trends of fertility status of Indian soil. Current Advances in Agricultural Sciences 2(1): 10-12.

37- Ragheb H.M.A., Hala H., Youssef G.M.A., and Ali A.M.A. 2017. Fertility status and indices of micronutrients in Nile Valley soils, east of the Nile River, Assiut Governorate, Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Soil Science 57(2): 189-199.

38- Raheb A., Heidari A., and Mahmoodi S. 2016. Geochemical properties of some soils developed on basalt rocks of North-West Iran. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research 47(4): 807-818. (In Persian with English abstract)

39- Ravikumar P., and Somashekar R.K. 2013. Evaluation of nutrient index using organic carbon, available P and available K concentrations as a measure of soil fertility in Varahi River basin, India. Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences 3(4): 330-343.

40- Roy R.N., Finck A., Blair G.J., and Tandon H.L.S. 2006. Plant nutrition for food security: A guide for integrated nutrient management. FAO Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy.

41- Seyed Ghiasi M.F 1991. Detailed soil surveys and land calsification for Maragheh Dryland Agricultural Research Station. Agricultural Research Center of East Azarbaijan, Tabriz, Iran. Bulltein No. 495. (In Persian)

42- Shahbazi K., and Besharati H. 2013. Overview of agricultural soil fertility status of Iran. Land Management Journal 1(1): 1-15. (In Persian with English abstract)

43- Shahid S.A., Zaman M., and Heng L. 2018. Soil salinity: historical perspectives and a world overview of the problem. p. 43-53. In M. Zaman, S.A. Shahid and L. Heng (ed.) Guideline for salinity assessment, mitigation and adaptation using nuclear and related techniques. Springer, Cham.

44- Singh B., and Singh Y. 2015. Soil fertility: Evaluation and management. p. 649-669. In: Rattan RK, Dwivedi B.S., Sarkar A.K., Bhattachryya T., Tarafdar J.C., and Kukal S.S. (eds). Soil science: an introduction. Is ted. Indian Society of Soil Science.

45- Soofi L., Heidari Gh., Siosemardeh A., and Hosseinpanahi F. 2017. The effect of zinc Sulfate foliar spray on yield and yield components of sardari wheat ecotypes. Plant Production Technology 8(2): 69-86. (In Persian with English abstract)

46- Thejaswini C., Alur A.S., Shivanna M., Kumar S.A., Prashanth S.J., Dhannanjaya B.N., and Naikodi P.K.B. 2019. Land resource inventory and soil mapping for fertility status of uumnabad sub-watershed. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 8(2): 3264-3273.

47- Zarrinkafsh M. 1988. Soil survey; methods of analysis for soils, plants and waters. Tehran University Publications. Pages 245. (In Persian)