غلظت عناصر کم‌مصرف در ارقام گندم نان با روی‌کارایی متفاوت در شرایط کمبود روی و روی کافی

آب و خاک

مقاله 4، دوره 35، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 75، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1400، صفحه 49-65   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v35i1.84269

نویسندگان

سید محسن نیازخانی^{* 1}؛ بابک عبدالهی مندولکانی¹؛ مراد جعفری¹؛ میرحسن رسولی صدقیانی²

¹گروه ژنتیک و تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

²گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

کمبود عناصر کم­مصرف، به­ویژه روی، به­خاطر کاهش رشد و نمو گیاهان و در نتیجه تحت تأثیر قرار دادن زندگی انسان­ها یک مشکل جهانی است. بعضی از راه­کار­های مورد استفاده توسط گیاهان روی-کارا برای جذب و استفاده بهینه از روی خاک ممکن است در جذب دیگر عناصر کم­مصرف از جمله آهن، مس و منگنز تداخل ایجاد کند. برای مطالعه اثر کمبود روی بر غلظت عناصر روی، آهن، مس و منگنز در ریشه، شاخساره و دانه ارقام گندم نان با روی­کارایی متفاوت، آزمایشی به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه ارومیه در سال 1396 انجام شد. به­این منظور چهار رقم گندم نان شامل دو رقم روی-کارا (بیات و نیک­نژاد) و دو رقم روی-ناکارا (هیرمند و کرج 1) در گلدان­های حاوی خاک شنی شسته شده­ی بدون روی (عدم کاربرد روی) و حاوی روی کافی (کاربرد 5 میلی­گرم درکیلوگرم) کاشته شدند. نمونه­گیری از ریشه و شاخساره در مرحله 30 درصد سنبله­دهی و دانه در زمان رسیدگی کامل انجام گرفته و غلظت عناصر روی، آهن، مس و منگنز در اندام­ها اندازه­گیری شد و میانگین ارقام روی-کارا و میانگین ارقام روی-ناکارا محاسبه گردید. نتایج نشان داد کاهش روی خاک باعث شد در ریشه، غلظت آهن و مس (به‌ترتیب 97/37 و 9/7 درصد) و در دانه، غلظت آهن و منگنز (به­ترتیب 58/24 و 33/6 درصد) افزایش یابد. هم­چنین با کاهش روی خاک، غلظت منگنز در ریشه (15 درصد) و غلظت آهن، مس و منگنز در شاخساره (به­ترتیب 44/39، 5/28 و 19/16 درصد) و غلظت مس در دانه (51/24 درصد) کاهش پیدا کرد. در مقایسه با ارقام روی-ناکارا، غلظت روی، مس و منگنز ریشه (به­ترتیب 4/13، 88/44 و 32/10 درصد) و غلظت آهن دانه ارقام روی-کارا (42/6 درصد) بیش­تر بود. در شرایط کمبود روی، ارقام روی-کارا از غلظت آهن ریشه (55/18 درصد) و غلظت روی دانه (11 درصد) بیش­تری نسبت به ارقام روی-ناکارا برخوردار بودند. مقایسه توانایی انتقال نسبی عناصر به شاخساره ارقام با روی کارایی متفاوت نشان داد، در شرایط کمبود روی، ارقام روی-کارا از توانایی کم­تری در انتقال روی (85/53 درصد)، آهن (69/29 درصد)، مس (69/21 درصد) و منگنز (17/50 درصد) در مقایسه با ارقام روی-ناکارا (به ترتیب با 77/79، 68/37، 65/27 و 91/70 درصد) برخوردار بودند. به­طورکلی می­توان گفت، ارقام روی-کارای گندم نان از غلظت عناصر کم­مصرف روی، آهن و منگنز بیش­تری در ریشه و دانه برخوردار بوده و قابلیت استفاده از عناصر کم­مصرف در اندام­های آن­ها بیش­تر از ارقام روی-ناکاراست، با این­حال ارقام روی-کارا از توانایی کم­تری در انتقال روی، آهن، مس و منگنز از ریشه به شاخساره برخوردار هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اثرات متقابل؛ انتقال نسبی؛ روی؛ روی-کارا؛ عناصر کم‌مصرف

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