اثر تخریب جنگل و تغییر پوشش گیاهی رویشگاه بر شاخص‌های اکولوژیکی لایه آلی و معدنی خاک

آب و خاک

مقاله 5، دوره 34، شماره 6 - شماره پیاپی 74، بهمن 1399، صفحه 1257-1275   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v34i6.84930

نویسندگان

یحیی کوچ^{* 1}؛ میلاد عزیزی مهر²

¹استادیار گروه مرتعداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، مازندران، ایران

²کارشناسی‌ارشد جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، مازندران، ایران

چکیده

تخریب رویشگاه­های جنگلی و تغییر پوشش گیاهی اراضی از جمله عوامل مؤثر بر تغییرپذیری شاخص­های اکولوژیکی لایه­های آلی و معدنی خاک بشمار می­روند. بدین منظور، در پژوهش پیش رو چهار نوع پوشش گیاهی شامل جنگل طبیعی کمتر دست­خورده ممرز- انجیلی، جنگل­کاری 40 ساله آمیخته نوئل-کاج سیاه، عرصه جنگلی تخریب یافته ممرز- انجیلی، مرتع قرق با پوشش گیاهی یونجه تاجی در منطقه گرگ­پس، جنوب­غربی شهرستان چالوس، انتخاب شد. پس از بازدید و شناسایی دقیق رویشگاه­ها، در هر یک از این عرصه­ها، تعداد 8 نمونه لایه آلی و معدنی خاک در فصل تابستان برداشت و نمونه­های جمع­آوری شده جهت تجزیه فیزیکی و شیمیایی به آزمایشگاه انتقال داده شدند. مطابق نتایج، در لایه آلی خاک، بیشترین نسبت کربن به نیتروژن به عرصه مرتع اختصاص داشت. بالاترین مقادیر درصد کربن و ضخامت لایه آلی نیز به ترتیب در پوشش­های اراضی مرتعی و جنگل مخروبه مشاهده شد. در لایه معدنی خاک، بیش­ترین مقادیر مشخصه­های درصد شن، رطوبت، کربن و نسبت کربن به نیتروژن خاک به پوشش مرتعی تعلق داشت، در حالی که بیش­ترین درصد رس، pH، هدایت الکتریکی، درصد نیتروژن،در پوشش جنگلی مشاهده شد. بیش­ترین تعداد و زیتوده کرم­های خاکی، جمعیت نماتد، معدنی­شدن نیتروژن، مقادیر آمونیوم و نیترات، تنفس پایه، تنفس برانگیخته، نیتروژن زی‌توده میکروبی و ضریب متابولیکی در پوشش جنگلی مشاهده شد. به­طور کلی، نتایج این پژوهش حاکی از آن است که مشخصه­های اکولوژیکی لایه آلی و معدنی خاک تحت رویشگاه جنگلی از وضعیت بهتری برخوردار بوده، در حالی­که تخریب جنگل و تغییر پوشش اراضی باعث کاهش شاخص­های حاصل­خیزی و زیستی خاک شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پهن‌برگ؛ سوزنی‌برگ؛ فعالیت‌های میکروبی؛ مرتع قرق؛ نیتروژن زی‌توده میکروبی

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