تأثیر همزیستی میکوریزای آرباسکولار و شبه‌میکوریزای داخلی بر عملکرد دانه و برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک ژنوتیپ‌های نخود (Cicer arietinum L.)

پژوهش‌های حبوبات ایران

دوره 12، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 24، دی 1400، صفحه 104-121   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijpr.v12i2.86598

نویسندگان

محمد جواد ارشدی^{* 1}؛ مهدی پارسا^{1، 2}؛ امیر لکزیان³؛ محمد کافی^{1، 2}

¹گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

²گروه پژوهشی بقولات پژوهشکده علوم گیاهی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

³گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر تلقیح بذور ژنوتیپ­های نخود با میکوریزای آرباسکولار و شبه‌میکوریزای داخلی بر روی عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک نخود، آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپیلت­پلات در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل­تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده­ کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال زراعی 93-1392 به اجرا در آمد. فاکتور اصلی در سه سطح شامل میکوریزای آرباسکولار گونة Glomus mosseae و شبه­میکوریزای داخلی گونة
Piriformospora indica و عدم مصرف کود و فاکتور فرعی شامل 9 ژنوتیپ نخود بود. نتایج نشان داد که
G. mosseae از اواسط فصل رشد به‌طور معنی­داری باعث افزایش سطح برگ و ماده خشک گیاه نخود گردید. ژنوتیپ MCC537 از اوایل فصل رشد از نظر سطح برگ و ماده خشک، برتری مشهودی نسبت به سایر ژنوتیپ­ها داشت. میکوریزای ­آرباسکولار سبب افزایش معنی­دار کلروفیل­های a و b، کاروتنوئیدها و سبزینگی برگ گردید، اما سطوح میکوریزا تأثیر معنی­داری بر روی میزان کلروفیل کل نداشتند. بیشترین مقدار کلروفیل­ a در ژنوتیپ­های MCC537، MCC427، MCC693 و MCC392، بیشترین مقدار کلروفیل­ کل در ژنوتیپ­های MCC537، MCC427، MCC392، MCC693 و MCC80 به ترتیب به میزان 620/0، 612/0، 574/0، 564/0 و 562/0 میلی­گرم بر گرم وزن تر برگ، بیشترین مقدار کاروتنوئید در ژنوتیپ­های MCC537، MCC427 و MCC392 و بالاترین شاخص سبزینگی به ترتیب به میزان 8/33، 7/31 و 9/29 در ژنوتیپ­های MCC537، MCC427 و MCC392 مشاهده شد. بیشترین میزان عملکرد دانه در ژنوتیپ­ MCC537 و شرایط کاربرد G. mosseae مشاهده شد که در مقایسه با شرایط عدم مصرف قارچ 31 درصد بیشتر بود. در مجموع به نظر می­رسد که میکوریزای ­آرباسکولار می­تواند سبب بهبود خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک نخود شده و در بین ژنوتیپ­های مورد بررسی، MCC537، MCC427 و MCC392 از نظر ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک مورد مطالعه برتری داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

شاخص سبزینگی؛ کاروتنوئید؛ کلروفیل

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