ارزیابی تحمل به تنش خشکی در برخی ژنوتیپ‌های کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.)بر اساس شاخص‌های تحمل به تنش

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

دوره 18، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 60، دی 1399، صفحه 413-433  

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jcesc.2020.88165

نویسندگان

حسین اسدی؛ رضا برادران ؛ محمد جواد ثقه الاسلامی؛ سید غلامرضا موسوی

گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف مطالعه تأثیر تنش خشکی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ژنوتیپ‌های مختلف کنجد و شناسایی ژنوتیپ‌های متحمل به تنش خشکی در سال 1396 در قالب طرح آگمنت یک جهته در شرایط مزرعه انجام شد. در این آزمایش 32 ژنوتیپ کنجد در دو محیط بدون تنش و تنش خشکی (100 و 50 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه) مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان‌دهنده اختلاف معنی‌داری در صفات مورد اندازه‌گیری بین ژنوتیپ‌ها در دو شرایط بدون تنش و تنش خشکی بود و گزینش ژنوتیپ‌های متحمل به خشکی امکان‌پذیر شد. ژنوتیپ‌های داراب 14، یکه سعود و شعبان به‌ترتیب با 2344، 2061 و 2059 کیلوگرم در هکتار بیشترین عملکرد دانه را در شرایط بدون تنش داشتند. در شرایط تنش خشکی، ژنوتیپ‌های داراب 14، شعبان و یکه سعود به‌ترتیب با 1360، 1127 و 1124 کیلوگرم در هکتار بیشترین عملکرد دانه را داشتند که در مقایسه با شرایط بدون تنش به‌ترتیب 58، 55 و 54 درصد کاهش را نشان داد. همچنین کمترین عملکرد دانه در ژنوتیپ‌های پاکستان، افغانستان و کردستان به‌ترتیب با 624، 644 و 672 کیلوگرم در هکتار مشاهده شد که نسبت به شرایط بدون تنش به‌ترتیب 53، 54 و 57 درصد کاهش را نشان داد. بیشترین و کمترین مقدار شاخص تحمل به تنش خشکی (STI) به‌ترتیب در رقم داراب 14 با 36/1 و ژنوتیپ پاکستان با مقدار 315/0 به‌دست آمد. بر اساس شاخص‌های تحمل ژنوتیپ‌های داراب 14، شعبان و یکه سعود به‌عنوان ژنوتیپ‌های متحمل به تنش خشکی در منطقه بجنورد معرفی شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ارقام متحمل؛ عملکرد؛ کنجد؛ نیاز آبی

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