تحلیل رأی وحدت رویه شماره 733 هیأت عمومی دیوان عالی کشور؛ با تأکید بر ماهیت پول و تمایز کاهش ارزش پول، خسارت تأخیر تأدیه و خسارت ناشی از افزایش قیمت‌ها

دانشنامه حقوق اقتصادی

مقاله 1، دوره 27، شماره 17، خرداد 1399، صفحه 1-24   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/lowecon.2021.47236.0

نویسندگان

عباس کریمی¹؛ محمد هادی جواهرکلام^{* 2}

¹استاد گروه حقوق خصوصی و اسلامی دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران

²دانش‌آموخته دکترای حقوق خصوصی دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه

چکیده

در این مقاله، رأی وحدت رویه شماره 733 هیأت عمومی دیوان عالی کشور، با روش توصیفی تحلیلی و با هدف تعیین خسارت قابل جبران در فرض مستحق للغیر درآمدن مبیع، تحلیل شده است. ظاهر رأی نشان می‌دهد که تنها کاهش ارزش پول بر مبنای نرخ تورم قابل جبران بوده و خسارت ناشی از افزایش قیمت‌ها از شمول رأی خارج است؛ این در حالی است که اختلاف شعب دادگاه‌های تجدیدنظر استان آذربایجان غربی، امکان جبران خسارت ناشی از افزایش قیمت­ها بوده است. نظریه مشورتی اداره حقوقی قوه قضائیه مورخ 19/2/1394 نیز کاهش ارزش پول را براساس ماده 522 ق.آ.د.م. و بر مبنای شاخص بانک مرکزی قابل جبران دانسته است. بر این اساس، بایع فضولی باید کاهش ارزش پول (ثمن) را بدون آنکه نیازمند مطالبه باشد، بر مبنای نرخ تورم به خریدار بپردازد؛ ولی جبران خسارات ناشی از افزایش قیمت­ها تابع قواعد عمومی ضمان قهری و ماده 391 ق.م. است و فروشنده فضولی باید تفاوت ثمن و قیمت روز مبیع از باب عدم‌النفع مسلم جبران کند. از حیث میزان خسارت قابل جبران نیز بایع اصولاً باید تفاوت ثمن با قیمتِ روز «امثال مبیع» را در زمان تأدیه، پرداخت کند؛ اما پیش‌بینی‌های متعارف افراد و شرایط ویژه مبیع نیز باید لحاظ شود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

رأی وحدت رویه شماره 733 دیوان عالی کشور؛ کاهش ارزش پول؛ خسارت ناشی از افزایش قیمت‌ها؛ ربا؛ خسارت تأخیر تأدیه؛ عدم‌النفع

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