تحلیل رأی وحدت رویه شماره 733 هیأت عمومی دیوان عالی کشور؛ با تأکید بر ماهیت پول و تمایز کاهش ارزش پول، خسارت تأخیر تأدیه و خسارت ناشی از افزایش قیمت‌ها

دانشنامه حقوق اقتصادی

مقاله 1، دوره 27، شماره 17، خرداد 1399، صفحه 1-24  

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/lowecon.2021.47236.0

نویسندگان

عباس کریمی¹؛ محمد هادی جواهرکلام ²

¹استاد گروه حقوق خصوصی و اسلامی دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران

²دانش‌آموخته دکترای حقوق خصوصی دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه

چکیده

در این مقاله، رأی وحدت رویه شماره 733 هیأت عمومی دیوان عالی کشور، با روش توصیفی تحلیلی و با هدف تعیین خسارت قابل جبران در فرض مستحق للغیر درآمدن مبیع، تحلیل شده است. ظاهر رأی نشان می‌دهد که تنها کاهش ارزش پول بر مبنای نرخ تورم قابل جبران بوده و خسارت ناشی از افزایش قیمت‌ها از شمول رأی خارج است؛ این در حالی است که اختلاف شعب دادگاه‌های تجدیدنظر استان آذربایجان غربی، امکان جبران خسارت ناشی از افزایش قیمت­ها بوده است. نظریه مشورتی اداره حقوقی قوه قضائیه مورخ 19/2/1394 نیز کاهش ارزش پول را براساس ماده 522 ق.آ.د.م. و بر مبنای شاخص بانک مرکزی قابل جبران دانسته است. بر این اساس، بایع فضولی باید کاهش ارزش پول (ثمن) را بدون آنکه نیازمند مطالبه باشد، بر مبنای نرخ تورم به خریدار بپردازد؛ ولی جبران خسارات ناشی از افزایش قیمت­ها تابع قواعد عمومی ضمان قهری و ماده 391 ق.م. است و فروشنده فضولی باید تفاوت ثمن و قیمت روز مبیع از باب عدم‌النفع مسلم جبران کند. از حیث میزان خسارت قابل جبران نیز بایع اصولاً باید تفاوت ثمن با قیمتِ روز «امثال مبیع» را در زمان تأدیه، پرداخت کند؛ اما پیش‌بینی‌های متعارف افراد و شرایط ویژه مبیع نیز باید لحاظ شود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

رأی وحدت رویه شماره 733 دیوان عالی کشور؛ کاهش ارزش پول؛ خسارت ناشی از افزایش قیمت‌ها؛ ربا؛ خسارت تأخیر تأدیه؛ عدم‌النفع

مراجع

[1] A group of researchers under the supervision of Seyyed Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi (2005), Encyclopedia of Jurisprudence according to the Religion of Ahl al-Bayt, v. 2, 1^st ed., Qom: Moaseseh daerato-al-Ma’aref-e Fegh’he Eslami. (In Persian).

[2] Al-Sanouri, A. Ahmad (no date), Alvasit, v. 4, Beyrout: Da’ar Ehya (In Arabic).

[3] Bahjat, Mohammad Taghi (2007), Estefta’at, v. 4, 1^st ed., Qom: Daftar Ayatollah Bahjat. (In Persian).

[4] Bazgir, Yadollah (2000), Civil Act in the mirror of the Supreme Court's Judgments: Sale and Rulings about it, 3^rd ed., Tehran: Entesharat Ferdosi. (In Persian).

[5] Behbahani, Vahid (1996), Hashiyat Majma al Fa’edeh, 1^st ed., Qom: Moghadas Ardabil Commemoration Congress. (In Arabic).

[6] Emami, Seyyed Hassan (2006), Civil Law, V. 1, 26^th ed., Tehran: Entesharat Eslamiyeh. (In Persian).

[7] Esfahani, S. A. (2001), Vasilat al Nejat, 1^st ed., Qom: Moaseseh Nashr Asar Emam Khomeini. (In Arabic).

[8] Fazel Lankarani, Mohammad (2004), Jame al Masa’el, v. 1, 1^st ed., Qom: Amir Ghalam. (In Persian).

[9] Ghanavati, Jalil, et al., (2019), Analysis of Theoretical Foundations the judicial precedent of Supreme Court No. 733 regarding the ZAMAN DARAK, Jurisprudence and Principles of Islamic Law, (1), 145-162. (In Persian).

[10] Gharibeh, Ali (2008), Legal Jurisprudence Review of the Ability to Claim the Amount of Devaluation of the Money and Compensation for Late Payment, Jurisprudence and the History of Culture, (16), 49-64. (In Persian).

 [11] Hashemi Shahroudi, Seyyed Mahmoud (1995), Responsibility for Devaluing Money, Fefgh Ahl Bayt, (2), 48-87. (In Persian).

[12] Hashemi Shahroudi, Seyed Mahmoud (2002), Ghara’at Feghhiyat  Mo’aserat, v. 2, 1^st ed., Qom: Moaseseh daerat-al-Ma’aref-e Fegh’he Eslami. (In Arabic).

[13] Hosseini Maraghi, S. A. (1996), Al-Anavin, 1^st ed., Qom: Daftar Entesharat Eslami. (In Arabic).

[14] Jalilvand, Yahya (2016), Criticism of Two Judicial Rulings: Compensation from the perspective of Rising Prices due to Economic Inflation, Journal of the Central Bar Association, (235), 159-168. (In Persian).

[15] Judiciary Jurisprudential Research Center (2003), Jurisprudential and judicial Istifta, Selling another property, Majalleh Payam Amouzesh, (5). (In Persian).

[16] Katouziyan, Naser (2008 A), Civil Law: General Rules of Contracts, v. 4, 5^th ed., Tehran: Enteshar Co. (In Persian).

[17] Katouziyan, Naser (2008 B), Out-of-Contract Responsibility: Civil liability, v. 1, 8^th ed., Tehran: Tehran University Press. (In Persian).

[18] Katouziyan, Naser (2013), Civil Law: Inheritance, 5^th ed., Tehran: Mizan. (In Persian).

[19] Khalessi, Mohammad Bagher (1994), Rafa’ al Gharar an Gha’edat La Zarar, 1^st ed., Qom: Daftar-e Entesharat Eslami. (In Arabic).

[20] Kharrazi, S. Mohsen (2005), Paper Money, Majalleh feghh Ahl bayt, (47), 93-110. (In Persian).

[21] Khomeini, S. Roohollah (2001), Estefta’at, v. 2, 5^th ed., Qom: Daftar Entesharat Eslami. (In Persian).

[22] Khomeini, S. Roohollah (no date), Tahrir al Vasilat, v. 1, 1^st ed., Qom: Dar al Elm. (In Arabic).

[23] Makarem Shirazi, Naser (2001), Usury and Islamic Banking, 1^st ed., Qom: Entesharat Madreseh Emam Ali. (In Persian).

[24] Makarem Shirazi, Naser (2006), Estefta’at-e Jadid, v. 2 & 3, 2^nd ed., Qom: Entesharat Madreseh Emam Ali. (In Persian).

[25] MirJalili, S. Mohsen (2009), Compensation for Devaluation; Theory and Application, Iran's Economic Research, (4), 207-229. (In Persian).

[26] Modarres, S. Hassan (1987), Al Rasa’el al Feghhiyah, 1^st ed., Tehran: The Commemoration of the 50^th Anniversary of the Martyrdom of Modarres. (In Arabic).

[27] Mohammadi, Pezhman (2012), Zarourat Ghahri Danestan Zaman Darak, Danesh va Pazhouhesh Hoghoughi, (2), 185-222. (In Persian).

[28] Montazeri, Hossein Ali (no date A), Estefta’at Masa’el Zaman, 1^st ed., Qom: No publisher. (In Persian).

[29] Montazeri, Hossein Ali (no date B), Resaleh Estefta’at, v. 2 & 3, 1^st ed., Qom: No publisher. (In Persian).

[30] Mousavi Bojnourdi, S. Mohammad (1980), Ghava’ed Feghhiyah, v. 1, 3^rd ed., Tehran: Moaseseh Orouj. (In Persian).

[31] Mousavi Bojnourdi, S. Mohammad (1993), Opinion of jurists on jurisprudential and legal issues arising from the devaluation of money, Majalleh Rahnamoun, (6), 103-120. (In Persian).

[32] Na’ini, M. Mohammad Hossein (1997), Monyat al Taleb, v. 3, Qom: Moaseseh Nashr Eslami.

[33] Najafi, Mohammad Hassan (1983), Javaher al Kalam, v. 25, 7^th ed., Beyrout, Dar Ehya.  (In Arabic).

[34] Naraghi, Mowla Ahmad (1996), Ava’ed al Ayyam, 1^st ed., Qom: Entesharat Daftar Tablighat Eslami. (In Arabic).

[35] Nikfar, Mehdi (1993), Civil Act in the Judgments of the Supreme Court, 2^nd ed., Tehran: Keyhan. (In Persian).

[36] Rostami, E., et al. (2014), The Nature and Extent of the Claimable Damages from the Seller if the seller does not own it (Review of the Judicial Precedent of Supreme Court No. 733), Judgment Quarterly: Judicial Studies, (7), 45-66. (In Persian).

[37] Rouhani, S. Sadegh (1991), Feghh al Sadegh, v. 18, 1^st ed., Qom: Dar al Ketab. (In Arabic).

[38] Sadr, S. Kazem (1996), The Economy of Early Islam, 1^st ed., Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University Press. (In Persian).

[39] Safaii, S. Hossein, & Rahimi, H. (2018), Civil Liability (out-of-Contract Responsibility), Tehran: Samt. (In Persian).

[40] Safi Golpaygani, L. (1996), Jame al Ahkam, v. 1, 4^th ed., Qom: Entesharat Hazrat Ma’asoumeh. (In Persian).

[41] Seifi Mazandarani, A. A. (2008), Dalil Tahrir al Vasilat – Feghh al Reba, 1^st ed., Tehran: Moaseseh Nashr Asar Emam Khomeini. (In Arabic).

[42] Shahidi, Mehdi (2007 A), Civil Law, v. 3: Effects of Contracts and Obligations, 3^rd ed., Tehran: Majd. (In Persian).

[43] Shahidi, Mehdi (2007 B), Civil Law, v. 5: Dissolution of Obligations, 8^th ed., Tehran: Majd. (In Persian).

[44] Shiravi, Abdolhossein (2001), Critique and Review of the Provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure regarding the Claim for Contractual Damages and Late Payment, Mojtama Amouzesh A’ali Qom, (9), 7-50. (In Persian).

 [45] Tabatabayi, S. Ali (1997), Riyaz al Masa’el, v. 14, 1^st ed., Qom: Moaseseh Al al Bayt. (In Arabic).

[46] Tabatabyi Yazdi, S. Mohammad Kazem (1993), Takmalat al Orvat al Vosgha, v. 1, 1^st ed., Qom: Davari. (In Arabic).

[47] Tabatabayi Yazdi, S. Mohammad Kazem (1994), So’al va Javab, 1^st ed., Tehran: Markaz Nashr al-Oloum al-Eslami. (In Persian).

[48] Tabibiyan, S. Mohammad (1988), Eghtesad Kalan, Tehran, Entesharat Sazman Barnameh va Boudjeh. (In Persian).

[49] Tabrizi, Javad (no date), Estefta’at-e Jadid,  v. 2, 1^st ed., Qom: No publisher. (In Persian).

[50] Tahmasebi, Ali, & Shirazi, Ali (2019), The Possibility of Claiming Damages Resulting from the Devaluation of the Price in case of Termination of the Contract, Journal of Islamic Law, (49), 247-270. (In Persian).

[51] Tajlil, Aboutaleb, et al., (1996), Jurisprudential Rulings of Money, Majalleh feghh Ahl bayt, (7), 9-53. (In Persian).

[52] Vahdati Shobeiri, S. Hassan (2003), Comparative Study of Compensation for Late Payment in Iranian Law and Imami Jurisprudence, Islamic economy, (12), 93-110. (In Persian).

[53] Yousefi, Ahmad Ali (1998), Poul Emrouz, Mesli, Gheimi ya Mahiyat Sevvom, Fefgh Ahl Bayt, (14), 95-122. (In Persian).

[54] Yousefi, Ahmad Ali (2002), Jurisprudential Study of Theories of Compensation for the Devaluation of Money (2), Fefgh Ahl Bayt, (31), 59-137. (In Persian).