تبیین مفهوم و قلمرو معرفتی جغرافیای سیاسی فضای شهر

پژوهش ‎های جغرافیای سیاسی

مقاله 3، دوره 4، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 15، آذر 1398، صفحه 47-77   

نوع مقاله: مقالات علمی -پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/pg.2019.39458

نویسندگان

آرش قربانی سپهر¹؛ محسن جان پرور^{* 2}

¹دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

²استادیار جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

پژوهشحاضر با نگرشی فلسفی در پی پاسخ به دو پرسش مطرح در حوزة جغرافیای سیاسی فضای شهر است؛ 1- مفهوم جغرافیای سیاسی فضای شهر چیست؟ 2- قلمرو معرفتی جغرافیای سیاسی فضای شهر چگونه تبیین می­شود؟. در این پژوهش برای تحلیل اطّلاعات بیان‌شده، از روش توصیفی‑تحلیلی بهره گرفته شده است. در پاسخ پرسش اوّل می­توان گفت، جغرافیای سیاسی فضای شهر شاخه­ای سامانمند (سیستماتیک) از جغرافیای سیاسی است که به مطالعه و شناخت کنش بُعد سیاسی انسان با فضای شهر می­پردازد، لذا این مطالعه با هدف به‌سامان شدن فضای شهر [زیست شهری] صورت می­گیرد. همچنین در پاسخ به پرسش دوم باید گفت، قلمرو معرفتی جغرافیای سیاسی فضای شهر را موضوعاتی همچون شهروندان، محدوده و قلمرو، حکومت محلّی‑شهری، مرزها، انتخابات، امنیت، سازماندهی و تقسیمات سیاسی، مهاجرت، هویّت، بازیگران، مخاطرات سیاسی، عدالت فضایی، گفتمان، دیپلماسی شهری و جهانی‌شدن، نیروهای مؤثر و حقوق شهروندی در فضای شهر شکل می­دهد. در نهایت این موضوعات منجر شد که حوزة تخصصی و مطالعاتی این رشته با سایر رشته­های هم­پیوند که شهر را مورد مطالعه قرار می­دهند، مشخص شود. بر این بنیاد، نتایج پژوهش نشان از آن دارد که شاخة تخصصی نوظهور جغرافیای سیاسی فضای شهر مبتنی بر دیدگاه فلسفه علم، وجودش به‌عنوان یک حوزة تخصصی آکادمیک با شیوه و نگرشی نو به‌منظور ارائۀ برنامه برای به‌سامان شدن فضای شهر [زیست شهری] در کنار سایر حوزه­های هم­پیوند ضرورت دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

فلسفة علم؛ جغرافیای سیاسی؛ فضای جغرافیایی؛ جغرافیای سیاسی فضای شهر

مراجع

1. Abdie, A. A., &  Mard Ali, M. (2013). Geopolitical Requirements for Urban Management. Journal Urban Knowledge, (195), 1-28. [In Persian].
2. Ahmadipour, Z., &  Mirzaeitabar, M. (2014). Geopolitical Explanation of Political Ecology and Political Economy of the City, 7th Congress of Iranian Geopolitical Society. [In Persian].
3. Ahmadipour, z., & Ghaderi Hajat, M. (2015). Political Organization and Planing of Urban Space. Tehran: Samt Publications. [In Persian].
4. Ahmadipour, Z., & Khojamli, A. V., & Pourjafar. M. R. (2017). Geopolitical Analysis of Effective Factors on the Symbolization of Geographical Spaces of Tehran (Case Study: Symbolization of Milad Tower). International Quarterly of Geopolitics, 13(2), 35-66. [In Persian].
5. Alam, A. R. (2003). The foundations of political science. Tehran: Nashr-e Ney [In Persian].
6. Baus, A. (2002). How to conduct a meta-analysis. available at:http:// www. pitt. edu/ /lecture/lec1171/.
7. Blacksell, M. (2006). Political Geography. London and new York: Routledge.
8. Bronowski, I. J. (1967). The Nature of science. state Advistory Committee.
9. Brunet, R. (1996). Building Models for Spatial Analysis, special issue in English, geography and anthology. Cnrs, Paris.

10. Burnett, A. D. & Taylor. P. J. (1993). Political Geography. London Publishing longman Group.

11. Donald, J. (1992). Metropolis: the city as text, In Social and Cultural Froms of Medemity. ed. R. Bocock and k. Thompson, pp.154-Cambridge: Polity.

12. Farid, Y. (2001). The epistemology and foundations of human geography. Ahar, Islamic Azad University Press Center. [In Persian].

13. Feinstein, S. (2013). Planning and justice-centered city,Proceedings in search of justice-centered city. Edited by Peter Marcus et al, Translation by Hadi Saeidi Rezvani & Mahbobe Keshmiri, Tehran, Nashre Shahr. [In Persian].

14. Felicien, C. (1980). Understanding the science method with scientific philosophy, Translation by Yahya Mahdavi. Tehran, Tehran University Press. [In Persian].

15. Flint,C. (2008). Introduction to Geopolitics. London. Rutledge

16. Ghorbani sepehr, A., & Janparvar, M. (2018). Philosophical Approach to the Allocation or Aggregation of Geography. rid Regions Geographic Studies, 8(31), 1-22. [In Persian].

17. Ghorchi, M., & and Maleki, J. (2011). Metropolitan's Competition in Trans – National Arenas Using Strategy Finding Tools. Journal Urban Management Studies, 2(3), 155-174. [In Persian].

18. Glassner, M. I. (1993). Political Geography. New York: John wiley and Sons.

19. Gottdiener, M., & Budd, L. (2013). key concepts in urban studies. Translation by Faramarz Azimi & Ali Rezaian  Garagozlo & Esmail Ghaderi, Tehran, Azarakhsh Publications. [In Persian].

20. Habermas, J. (1987). Life world and system: a critque of functionalist reason. trans by: Thomas Mccarthy, Boston: Beacon Press.

21. Hafeznia,M., & Kaviani Rad,M. (2013). New Horizons in Political Geography. Tehran, Samt Publications. [In Persian].

22. Hafeznia,M., & Kaviani Rad,M. (2014). Philosophy of Political Geography. Tehran, Publication Strategic Studies Research Center. [In Persian].

23. Haghighat, S. S. (2015). Political science methodology. Qom, Mofid University Press. [In Persian].

24. Harvey, D. (1996). Justice, Naturre & the geography of Difference. Blackwell.

25. Harvey, D. (2016). From Right to Town to Insurgent Cities. Translation by Khosrow Kalantari and Parviz Sedaghat, Tehran, Informative Publication. [In Persian].

26. Harvey, D. (2016). From the Right to the City to the Urban Revolution. Translated by Khosro Kalantari and Parviz Sedaghat, Tehran: Agah Publications. [In Persian].

27. Hillier, B., & Hanson, J. (1984). The Social logic of Space. Cambridge Univercity Press, Cambridge.

28. Holt-Jensen, A. (1997). Geography, History and Concepts: A Student's Guide. Tehran, I Syr and Siahat Publications Publication. [In Persian].

29. Jaberi Moghaddam, H. (2008). City and Modernity. Tehran: Arts Academy Publications. [In Persian].

30. Janparvar, M.  (2014). Conceptualization and explanation of the political geography of Urban. Tehran, Seventh Congress of the Iranian Geopolitics Association. 1-19. [In Persian].

31. Janparvar, M., & Ghorbani Sepehr, A. (2018). Urban Geopolitics. Tehran, Publications of Iranian Association of Geopolitics. [In Persian].

32. Jedrej, M.C (2000). Time and Space, in Barnard, A. Spencer, Jonathan.

33. John Scott, A. (2006). Global - City regions. Tehran, Urban Planning and Publication Publications Publications. [In Persian].

34. Kamanroodi kajori, M., & Karami, M., & abdie, A. A.  (2010). Philosophical Explanation-The Concept of the Uraban Political Geography. Intrenational Quarterly of Geopolitics, 6(3), 9-44. [In Persian].

35. Karimi, F.,  Hesampoor, S. (2018). A Comparative Study of the concept of "world life" in Some Iranian Stories from Modern to Postmodern Era. Journal of Research in Persian Language and Literature, 18(35), 121-142. [In Persian].

36. Karimi, F., & Hesampoor, S. (2018). A Comparative Study of the concept of "world life" in Some Iranian Stories from Modern to Postmodern Era. Journal of Research in Persian Language and Literature Kavoshnameh, 18(35), 121-142. [In Persian].

37. Khademi, M., & Pour Jafar, M. R., & Roja, A. (2010). An income on the concept of the street as a Urban space. Journal of Urban Planning, 9(31), 17-24. [In Persian].

38. Khaki, G. (2001). research method in management. Tehran, Islamic Azad University Press Center. [In Persian].

39. Khalil Abadi, H. (2011). Urban Geopolitics. Tehran, Publications Noavaran Sharif Research. [In Persian].

40. King, A. D. (1995). Re- presenting World Cities: Cultural theory/ social practice. Cambridge University.

41. Kitchin, R. & Thrift, N. (2009). International Encyclopedia of Human Geography. Uk: Elsevier.

42. Knox, p. (1992). Urban Social Geography. London, Longman.

43. Lashgari Tafreshi, E., & Rezaei, M. R., & Kaviyanpoor. G. (2017). Theoretical Explanation of Functions of Political Power in Urban Space. Geographical Researches Quarterly Journal, 32(2), 52-66. [In Persian].

44. Lashgari, E. (2015). Politics and Urban (A new perspective on the political geography of urban space). Tehran, Entekhab Publications. [In Persian].

45. Lynch, K (1972). The Openness of Open Space. Arts of Environment Aidan Ellis.

46. Maleki, A. & et al.  (2014). The role of space policy management in urban renewal. Tehran, Seventh Congress of the Iranian Geopolitics Association. 1-22. [In Persian].

47. McGuirk, P. (2012). Geographies of urban politics: pathways, intersections,interventions. Geographical Research, Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [e-mail].

48. Mirheidar, D. (2007). Fundamental concepts in political geography. Tehran, National Geography Organization of Iran. [In Persian].

49. Mojtahedzadeh, P. (2012). Political geography and geographic policy. (fourth ed), Tehran, Semat Publications. [In Persian].

50. Mottagi, A., & Janparvar, M., & Ghorbani Sepehr, A. (2018). New Attitude in Redefining the Geopolitical Concept of Peace. Journal International Relations Research, 5(19), 12-28. [In Persian].

51. Moynihan, D. (1970). Toward a National Urban Policy. New York: Basic Books.

52. Mumford, L. )1961). City in history. New York, Harcourt , Brace and World.

53. Tuathail, Ge. (1996). Critical Geopolitics: the political of writing global space. London, Routledge.

54. Pacione, M. )1985.( Progress in Political Geography. Publication of London, Croom Helm.

55. Piran, P. (1992). Theoretical perspectives on the sociology of city and urbanization: Iranian currency developments and equality rates. Journal of Political-economic information, 6(52), 75-81. [In Persian].

56. Plato, R. (1956). Cornford Translation. Oxford university press, N.Y., London.

57. Pourahmad, A. (2007). The realm and Philosophy of Geography. Tehran, Tehran University Press. [In Persian].

58. Rafiyan, M.,  & Alvandipour, N. (2015), Conceptualization of thought right to the city; seeking a conceptual model, Iranian Sociological Association, 16(2), 25-47. [In Persian].

59. Raghabi, H. (1992). Philosophy of Science. Tehran, Shahid Beheshti University Press. [In Persian].

60. Rapaport, A. (1977). The Human Aspects Of Urban Form. New York, Pergamon Press.

61. Rashidian, A. (2005). Husserl in the text of his work. Tehran, Nashr-e Ney. [In Persian].

62. Reghaby, H. (1970). Blossoms of Life Science. University Publications, California.

63. Sadeghi, M. (2015). Philosophical pathology of geography (Stomp in Urban Research). Methodology of Social Sciences and Humanities Journal. 20 (80), 55-78. [In Persian].

64. Sadeghi, M., & javan, J., & Rahnama, M. R. (2015). What is The geographical space?. A thinking on the nature of the geographical space from the perspective of hermeneutic phenomenology. Arid Regions Geographic Studies, 5(19), 12-28. [In Persian].

65. Sadeghi, R. (2016). Understanding the Philosophy of Contemporary Science. Tehran, Samt Publications. [In Persian].

66. Safavi, S. Y., & GolKarami, A. (2016). Income on the  Urban political geography. Tehran: National Geography Organization of Iran. [In Persian].

67. Salehi, E. (2009). Human Settlement; Encyclopedia of Urban and Rural Management. Tehran: Publications of the Municipalities and Rural Organization of the country. [In Persian].

68. Sheikh Rezaei, H., & Karbasi Zadeh, A. H. (2014). Familiarity with the philosophy of science, (Vol Second). Tehran, Hermes Publications. [In Persian].

69. Shokouhi, H. (2014). New Thoughts in the Philosophy of Geography. (fifteen vol), Tehran,  Gitashenasi Publications. [In Persian].

70. Soja, Edward, (1990). Postmodern geographies, reassertion of space in critical social theory. (second ed), London – Newyork.

71. Soleimani, M., et al. (2015). Explanation of the Relationship between Urban Infrastructures and Globalization of Metropolis Local Government. Journal Political Geography, 1 (1), 1-27. [In Persian].

72. Soroush, A. B. (1983). About Philosophy and Sciences. (Second ed), Tehran, Payam Azadi Publications. [In Persian].

73. Storey, D. (2009). Political Geography in International Encyclopedia of Human Geography. Elsevier, Oxford.

74. Teichmann, J. & Evans, K. (1999). Philosophy: A Beginner's Guide. Blackwell Publishing.

75. Veisi, H. (2015). Concepts and theories of political geography. Tehran, Samt Publications. [In Persian].

76. Whelan, Y. (2002). The construction and destruction of a colonial landscape: monuments to British monarchs in Dublin before and after independence, Journal of Historical Geography, 28(4), 508-533