تأثیر آبیاری با آب مغناطیسی شده بر همزیستی بین سویا و ریزوبیوم

آب و خاک

مقاله 7، دوره 35، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 75، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1400، صفحه 95-106   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.2021.14972.0

نویسندگان

اکبر علی وردی^{* 1}؛ سمیرا کرمی¹؛ حسین حمامی²

¹گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

²گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

آبیاری با آب مغناطیسی شده سبب افزایش کارایی مصرف آب در بقولات می­شود. اما اطلاعاتی درباره وضعیت گره­زایی باکتریایی بر روی ریشه آنها با چنین روش آبیاری وجود ندارد. بنابراین، پژوهشی به صورت گلدانی در شرایط هوای آزاد در محوطه گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان به اجرا درآمد تا تاثیر این روش آبیاری را بر همزیستی پنج رقم سویا با باکتری ریزوبیوم اختصاصی سویا بررسی کند. مغناطیسی کردن آب با عبور دادن آن از لوله آهنربایی با شدت میدان مغناطیسی 68/0 تسلا انجام گرفت. آبیاری با آب مغناطیسی شده سبب خروج سریع­تر گیاهچه­ها از خاک شد. بجز در مورد تعداد دانه در غلاف، آبیاری با آب مغناطیسی شده توانست تمام ویژگی‌ها (وزن خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه، محتوی نیتروژن اندام هوایی و ریشه، تعداد و وزن گره­های باکتریایی، تعداد غلاف، وزن صد دانه و عملکرد دانه بوته) را در تمامی ارقام سویا افزایش دهد ولی میزان این افزایش‌ها بسته به نوع رقم متفاوت بود. افزایش تعداد گره در ارقام امیر، زان، صبا، کوثر و هابیت به ترتیب برابر 7/33، 3/55، 1/40، 7/62 و 6/51 درصد بود. با این وجود، تنها در دو رقم زان و کوثر، آبیاری با آب مغناطیسی شده سبب افزایش معنی­دار وزن خشک گره­­ها به ترتیب به میزان 0/70 و 1/45 درصد شد. آثار بهبود فعالیت باکتری تحت شرایط آبیاری با آب مغناطیسی شده بر عملکرد دانه بوته نیز نمایان شد. بطوری که افزایش عملکرد دانه تک بوته در ارقام امیر، زان، صبا، کوثر و هابیت به ترتیب برابر 8/34، 1/35، 4/43، 8/26 و 3/21 درصد بود. بنابراین آبیاری با آب مغناطیسی شده نه تنها سبب بهبود گره‌زایی سویا شده بلکه باعث افزایش عملکرد نیز می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بقولات؛ تثبیت بیولوژیکی نیتروژن؛ کارایی مصرف آب؛ گره باکتریایی؛ محتوی نیتروژن

مراجع

1. Abdel-Aziz A., Arafa Y.A., and Sadik A. 2017. Maximizing water use efficiency for some plants by treated magnetic water technique under east Owainat conditions. Egyptian Journal of Soil Science 57: 353–369.
2. Abdel-Nabi H.M.E., El-Shal Z.S.A., Doklega S.M.A., and Abdel-Razek M.E.A. 2019. Effect of magnetic water and fertilization requirements on garlic yield and storability. Journal of Plant Production, Mansoura University 10: 73–79.
3. Abdul-Qados A.M.S., and Hozayn M. 2010. Response of growth, yield, yield components and some chemical constituents of flax for irrigation with magnetized and tap water. World Applied Sciences Journal 8: 630–634.
4. Akopian S.N., and Aĭrapetian S.N. 2005. A study of specific electrical conductivity of water by the action of constant magnetic field, electromagnetic field, and low-frequency mechanical vibrations. Biofizika 50: 265–270.
5. Aliverdi A., Parsa M., and Hammami H. 2015. Increased soyabean-rhizobium symbiosis by magnetically treated water. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture 31: 167-176.
6. Al-Khazan M., Abdullatif B.M., and Al-Assaf N. 2011. Effects of magnetically treated water on water status, chlorophyll pigments and some elements content of Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis L.) at different growth stages. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 5: 722–731.
7. Amira M.S., Qados A., and Hozayn M. 2010. Response of growth, yield, yield components, and some chemical constituents of flax for irrigation with magnetized and tap water. World Applied Sciences Journal 8: 630–634.
8. Anonymous. 2016. Oicial methods of analysis of AOAC international, 20th edn. Latimer GW (ed). AOAC International, Washington, DC.
9. Bondarenko N.F., Rokhinson E.E., Gak E.Z., and Klygina L.F. 1996. Magnetic equipment in agriculture. Russian Agricultural Sciences 2: 30–34.
10. Chang K.T., and Weng C.I. 2006. The effect of an external magnetic field on the structure of liquid water using molecular dynamics simulation. Journal of Applied Physics 100: 043917–043926.
11. Chastokotenko L.V. 1984. Effect of magnetic field on somatic cell division in plants. Journal of Cytology and Genetics 18: 18–22.
12. Coey J.M.D., and Cass S. 2000. Magnetic water treatment. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 209: 71–74.
13. Dalia A.S., Gendy A.A., Maria A.M., and Mousa E.M. 2009. Response of pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) to magnetic technologies. In: Proceedings of the first Nile Delta Conference on Export Crops. Faculty of Agriculture, Menufiya University, Shibin El-Kom, Egypt. 30–31 March. p. 89–104.
14. Doklega S.M.A. 2017. Impact of magnetized water irrigation, soil mineral fertilization and foliar sparying with nanomaterial on potato plants. Journal of Plant Production, Mansoura University 8: 13–20.
15. Eaglesham A.R.J. 1989. Nitrate inhibition of root nodule symbiosis in doubly rooted soybean plants. Crop Science 29: 115–119.
16. El-Sayed H., and El-Sayed A. 2014. Impact of magnetic water irrigation for improve the growth, chemical composition and yield production of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) plant. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture 4: 476–496.
17. Fathi A., Mohamed T., Claude G., Maurin G., and Mohamed B.A. 2006. Effect of magnetic water treatment on homogeneous and heterogeneous precipitation of calcium carbonate. Water Research 40: 1941–1950.
18. Garcia-Reina F., and Pascual L.A. 2001. Influence of a stationary magnetic field on water relations in lettuce seeds. Part I: Theoretical considerations. Bioelectromagnetism 22: 589–595.
19. Ghadami Firouzabadi A., Khoshravesh M., Shirazi P., and Zare Abyaneh H. 2016. Effect of irrigation with magnetized water on the yield and biomass of soybean var. DPX under water deficit and salinity stress.  Iranian Journal of Water Research 30: 131–143. (In Persian with English abstract)
20. Grewal H.S., and Maheshwari B.L. 2011. Magnetic treatment of irrigation water and snow pea and chickpea seeds enhances early growth and nutrient contents of seedlings. Bioelectromagnetics 32: 58–65.
21. Habiby H., Movahedi A., Khoshravesh M., and Saberi A. 2019. The effect of magnetic water on the yield of corn and the adsorption of potassium, zinc and iron. Journal of Agricultural Engineering 42: 131–142. (In Persian with English abstract)
22. Harris R.W. 1992. Root-shoot ratios. Arboriculture 18: 39–42.
23. Hozayn M., and Abdul-Qados A.M.S. 2010a. Irrigation with magnetized water enhances growth, chemical constituent and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America 1: 671–676.
24. Hozayn M., and Abdul-Qados A.M.S. 2010b. Magnetic water application for improving wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop production. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America 1: 677–682.
25. Hozayn M., Abd El-Monem A.A., Abdelraouf R.E., and Abdalla M.M. 2013. Do magnetic water affect water use efficiency, quality and yield of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) plant under arid regions conditions? Journal of Agronomy 12: 1–10.
26. Hozayn M., Abdallha M.M., Abd El-Monem A.A., El-Saady A.A., and Darwish M.A. 2016. Applications of magnetic technology in agriculture: A novel tool for improving crop productivity (1): Canola. African Journal of Agricultural Research 11: 441–449.
27. Hozayn M., Abd El-Monem A.A., Abdul-Qados A.M.S., and Abd El-Hameid E.M. 2011. Response of some food crops to irrigation with magnetized water under greenhouse condition. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 5: 29–36
28. Jani-Ismail M., and Yazdanian N. 2014. Analysis of the situation of water crisis in the country and its management requirements. Trends (Economic Research Trends) 21: 117–144.
29. Maheshwari B.L., and Grewal H.S. 2009. Magnetic treatment of irrigation water: Its effects on vegetable crop yield and water productivity. Agricultural Water Management 96: 1229–1236.
30. Mahmoudi Gh., Ghanbari A., Rastgoo M., Gholi Zade M., and Tahmasebi I. 2016. Evaluating the magnetic field effects on growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) under mashhad climatic conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 14: 380–391. (In Persian with English abstract)
31. Meghvansi M.K., Prasad K., and Mahna S.K. 2005. Identification of pH tolerant Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains and their symbiotic effectiveness in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in low nutrient soil. African Journal of Biotechnology 4: 663–666.
32. Mohamed A.I. 2013. Effects of magnetized low quality water on some soil properties and plant growth. International Journal of Research in Chemistry and Environment 3: 140–147.
33. Mohammadian M., Fatahi R., and Nouri Emamzadei M.R. 2016. Investigation the effect of magnetic salt water on yield and yield components of green pepper. Irrigation Sciences and Engineering 39: 121–130. (In Persian with English abstract)
34. Moosa G.M., Khulaef J.H., Khraibt A.C., Shandi N.R., and Al-Braich M.S.K. 2015. Effect of magnetic water on physical properties of different kind of water, and studying its ability to dissolving kidney stone. Journal of Natural Sciences Research 5: 85–94.
35. Muller I., Schmid B., and Weiner J. 2000. The effect of nutrient availability on biomass allocation patterns in 27 species of herbaceous plants. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 3: 115–127.
36. Parsa M., Aliverdi A., and Hammami H. 2014. Activity of the recommended and optimized rates of pyridate on chickpea–Mesorhizobium mediterraneum symbiosis. Notulae Scientia Biologicae 6: 92–98.
37. Parsa M., Aliverdi A., and Hammami H. 2013. Effect of the recommended and optimized doses of haloxyfop-P-methyl or imazethapyr on soybean-Bradyrhizobium japonicum symbiosis. Industrial Crops and Products 50: 197-202.
38. Rashed-Mohassel M.H., Aliverdi A., and Ghorbani R. 2009. Effects of a magnetic field and adjuvant in the efficacy of cycloxydim and clodinafop-propargyl on the control of wild oat (Avena fatua). Weed Biology and Management 9: 300–306.
39. Sadeghipour O., and Aghaei P. 2013. Improving the growth of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) by magnetized water. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 3: 37–43.
40. Selim A.F.H., and El-Nady M.F. 2011. Physio-anatomical responses of drought stressed tomato plants to magnetic field. Acta Astronautica 69: 387–396.
41. Selim D.A., Gendy A.A., Maria A.M., and Mousa E.M. 2009. Response of pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) to magnetic technologies. in: Proceedings of the first Nile Delta Conference on Export Crops (Improvement and Protection of the Egyptian Export Crops), Faculty of Agriculture, Menufiya University, Shibin El-Kom, Egypt. p. 89–104.
42. Sudsiri C.J., Nattawat J., Kongchana P., and Ritchie R.J. 2016. Effect of magnetically treated water on germination and seedling growth of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). Seed Science and Technology 44: 1–14.
43. Surendran U., Sandeep O., and Joseph E.J. 2016. The impacts of magnetic treatment of irrigation water on plant, water and soil characteristics. Agricultural Water Management 178: 21–29.
44. Tang Y., and Hollingsworth R.I. 1998. Regulation of lipid synthesis in Bradyrhizobium japonicum: low oxygen concentrations trigger phosphatidyl inositol biosynthesis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64: 1963–1966.
45. Toledo E.J.L., Ramalho T.C., and Magriotis Z.M. 2008. Influence of magnetic field on physical chemical properties of the liquid water: insights from experimental and theoretical models. Journal of Molecular Structure 888: 409–415.
46. Turker M., Temirci C., Battal P., and Erez M.E. 2007. The effects of an artificial and static magnetic field on plant growth, chlorophyll and phytohormone levels in maize and sunflower plants. PHYTON Annales Rei Botanicae 46: 271–284.
47. Wafaa K.T., Al-Zahrani H.S., and Kotbi A.M. 2007. The effect of static magnetic forces on water content and photosynthetic pigments in sweet basil Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae). Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 14: 103–107.
48. Yavuz D., Yavuz N., and Suheri S. 2016. Design and management of a drip irrigation system for and optimum potato yield. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 18: 817–830.
49. Zahran H.H. 1999. Rhizobium-legume symbiosis and nitrogen fixation under severe conditions and in an arid climate. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 63: 968–989.