تأثیر آبیاری با آب مغناطیسی شده بر همزیستی بین سویا و ریزوبیوم

آب و خاک

مقاله 7، دوره 35، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 75، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1400، صفحه 95-106  

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.2021.14972.0

نویسندگان

اکبر علی وردی ¹؛ سمیرا کرمی¹؛ حسین حمامی²

¹گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

²گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

آبیاری با آب مغناطیسی شده سبب افزایش کارایی مصرف آب در بقولات می­شود. اما اطلاعاتی درباره وضعیت گره­زایی باکتریایی بر روی ریشه آنها با چنین روش آبیاری وجود ندارد. بنابراین، پژوهشی به صورت گلدانی در شرایط هوای آزاد در محوطه گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان به اجرا درآمد تا تاثیر این روش آبیاری را بر همزیستی پنج رقم سویا با باکتری ریزوبیوم اختصاصی سویا بررسی کند. مغناطیسی کردن آب با عبور دادن آن از لوله آهنربایی با شدت میدان مغناطیسی 68/0 تسلا انجام گرفت. آبیاری با آب مغناطیسی شده سبب خروج سریع­تر گیاهچه­ها از خاک شد. بجز در مورد تعداد دانه در غلاف، آبیاری با آب مغناطیسی شده توانست تمام ویژگی‌ها (وزن خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه، محتوی نیتروژن اندام هوایی و ریشه، تعداد و وزن گره­های باکتریایی، تعداد غلاف، وزن صد دانه و عملکرد دانه بوته) را در تمامی ارقام سویا افزایش دهد ولی میزان این افزایش‌ها بسته به نوع رقم متفاوت بود. افزایش تعداد گره در ارقام امیر، زان، صبا، کوثر و هابیت به ترتیب برابر 7/33، 3/55، 1/40، 7/62 و 6/51 درصد بود. با این وجود، تنها در دو رقم زان و کوثر، آبیاری با آب مغناطیسی شده سبب افزایش معنی­دار وزن خشک گره­­ها به ترتیب به میزان 0/70 و 1/45 درصد شد. آثار بهبود فعالیت باکتری تحت شرایط آبیاری با آب مغناطیسی شده بر عملکرد دانه بوته نیز نمایان شد. بطوری که افزایش عملکرد دانه تک بوته در ارقام امیر، زان، صبا، کوثر و هابیت به ترتیب برابر 8/34، 1/35، 4/43، 8/26 و 3/21 درصد بود. بنابراین آبیاری با آب مغناطیسی شده نه تنها سبب بهبود گره‌زایی سویا شده بلکه باعث افزایش عملکرد نیز می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بقولات؛ تثبیت بیولوژیکی نیتروژن؛ کارایی مصرف آب؛ گره باکتریایی؛ محتوی نیتروژن

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