بررسی آثار متقابل کارآفرینی و رشد اقتصادی با تأکید بر کیفیت نهادی در کشورهای OECD و OPEC: کاربرد الگوی معادلات همزمان در دادههای ترکیبی
اقتصاد و توسعه منطقه ای
مقاله 3 ، دوره 27، شماره 19 ، خرداد 1399، صفحه 49-82 اصل مقاله (797.85 K )
نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/erd.2020.39490
نویسندگان
حسین محمدی* 1 ؛ علیرضا ثانی حیدری 2
1 دانشیار دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی
2 دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی
چکیده
کارآفرینی با ایجاد نوآوری، طراحی، تنوع تولید محصولات و افزایش کارایی و رقابت بنگاهها، میتواند آثار قابلتوجهی بر رشد اقتصادی داشته و رشد اقتصادی بالاتر باعث افزایش انگیزه نوآوری و دانش افراد کارآفرین میشود. همچنین در ادبیات اقتصادی، ارتباط بین رشد اقتصادی و کارآفرینی به عوامل نهادی گره خورده است؛ بنابراین، این پژوهش به دنبال بررسی آثار متقابل کارآفرینی و رشد اقتصادی با تأکید بر کیفیت عوامل نهادی با استفاده از الگوی معادلات همزمان در دادههای ترکیبی برای دو گروه از کشورهای OECD و OPEC طی بازه زمانی 2000-2016 است. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که متغیرهای رشد اقتصادی و کارآفرینی اثرات مثبت و معنیداری بر یکدیگر دارند و همچنین متغیر کیفیت نهادی نیز، اثر مثبتی بر ارتباط این دو مؤلفه داشته که این اثرگذاری برای گروه کشورهای OPEC در مقایسه با کشورهای OECD بیشتر بوده است. برای کشورهای OECD متغیرهای امید به زندگی، نرخ رشد تشکیل سرمایه ثابت و رشد نیروی کار اثر مثبت و کل مخارج دولت اثر منفی بر رشد اقتصادی دارند. برای کشورهای OPEC نیز متغیرهای رشد نیروی کار اثر مثبت و متغیر کل مخارج دولت اثر منفی بر رشد اقتصادی دارند. درنهایت نتایج نشان داد برای هر دو گروه کشورها، متغیرهای اعتماد به توانایی و مهارت و پوشش اعتباری بخش خصوصی اثر مثبت و متغیر تعداد مراحل رسمی شروع یک کسبوکار اثر منفی بر کارآفرینی داشته است. با توجه به نتایج تحقیق، تشویق انگیزه کارآفرینی، ایجاد زمینه مساعد برای رشد بخش خصوصی واقعی در اقتصاد، کاهش مراحل شروع کسبوکار در راستای بهبود زمینه ایجاد کارآفرینی جهت افزایش رشد اقتصادی پیشنهاد میگردد.
کلیدواژهها
رشد اقتصادی ؛ شاخص کارآفرینی ؛ کیفیت نهادی ؛ دادههای ترکیبی ؛ متغیر ابزاری ؛ گشتاور تعمیمیافته لحظهای
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