Genealogy of the Kamkar family: Khorasan agents in the third and fourth centuries AH

تاریخ و فرهنگ

Article 1, Volume 52, Issue 1 - Serial Number 104, September 2020, Pages 28-9   

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.22067/jhistory.2021.40898.88821

Authors

Fatemeh Hajipour¹; Reza Shabani Samghabadi^{* 2}; Azartash Azarnoosh³

¹PhD Student in History of Islamic Iran, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran

²Professor, Department of History, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran

³Professor of Arabic Literature, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The Kamkars were an Iranian family in the first centuries AH and one of the renowned peasants in the Khorasan region (c. 309-31 AH). The appellation of this family comes from and is attributed to Kamkar, the Marvi peasant and one of the sons of Yazdgerd III, the last Sassanid king (632-651 AD). Some members of this family held positions in the administration system of Taherians (255-259 AH), Saffarians (247-339 AH) and Samanids (261-395 AH). The present study investigates their national and military positions by adopting a descriptive-analytical approach. This family, ruling over parts of Khorasan, was the commander in chief of the Khorasan Army. A prominent figure of this family was Ahmad ibn Sahl ibn Hashim (d. 307 AH). His father and brothers were also secretaries and astronomers. Aside from their political-military role, this family played a crucial role in the preservation of Iranian science and culture by patronizing authors and scientists.

Keywords

Kamkars; Khorasan; Yazdgerd III; Ahmad Ibn Sahl

References

Bosworth, C. E. “AḤMAD B. SAHL B. HĀŠEM”. Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol.I (2011): 643-4.

Tafazzoli, A. “DEHQĀN”. Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol.VII (1994): 223-226.

Ibn Abī al-Hadīd, ‘Abd al-Ḥamīd. Sharh-i nahj'al-Balāqih. Jile-i 7. Tahqīq Mohammad ‘abu al-Fazl Ibrahīm. Qum: maktab āyat al-uẓmā al-mar’ashī al-najafī, 1404 q.

Ibn Aīr, Alī Ibn Muḥammad. Al-kamil fī al-tārīkh. Al-juz’i al-amin va al-tāsi’. Biyrūt: dār ṣādir, 1385q.

Ibn Bābūyih, Muḥammad Ibn Alī. Tarjumi’ Khisāl ṣaduq. Jild-i 2. tarjumih Mudarris Gīlāni. Tihrān: Jāvīdān, 1362sh.

Ibn Khaldūn, ‘Abd al-Rahmān Ibn Muhammad. Al-‘ibar Tārīkh-i Ibn Khaldūn. Jild-i 3. Tarjumih ‘Abd al- Muḥammad Āyatī. Tihrān: Vizārat-i Farhang va Āmūzish ‘Ālī, 1363sh.

Ibn Khaldūn, ‘Abd al-Rahmān Ibn Muḥammad. Tārīkh Ibn Khaldūn. Jild-I 4. Dār Ihyā’ al-turās al-‘arabī, 1391q.

Ibn Sīna, Ḥusayn Ibn ‘Abd Allāh. Qurāẕat Ṭabī’īyāt. Musaḥḥiḥ Ghulāmḥusayn ṣidīqī. Tihrān: Anjuman Āār-i millī, 1332sh.

Ibn Nadīm, Muḥammad Ibn Isḥāq. Alfiḥrist. Tihrān: Bānk Bāzargāni Īrān, 1346sh.

Abūriyhān Bīrūni, Muḥammad Ibn Ahmad. Āār'al-bāqīyih. Tarjumih Akbar Dānāsirisht. Tihrān: Amīrkabīr, 1386sh.

Abu'Ziyd, Aḥmad Ibn Sahl. Miṣbāḥ al-‘abdān va al-‘anfus. taḥqīq Muḥammad Misrī. Qāhirih: Ma’hd al-Makhṭūṭāt al-‘arabīh, 2005m.

Isfizārī, Mu’īn al-dīn Muḥammad. Ruzāt al-jannāt fī Awṣāf Madīnat Harāt. Jild-i 1. Muḥaqqiq Muḥammad kāẓim Imām. Tihrān: Dānishgāh Tihrān, 1338sh.

Ishpūlir, Birtūld. Tārīkh-i Īrān Dar Qurūn-i Nakhustīn Islāmī. Jild-i 2. Chāp 8. Tarjumih Javād Aflāṭūnī. Tihrān: ‘ilmī va farhangī, 1391sh.

Burhān, Muhammad Ḥusayn Ibn Khalaf. Farhang-i Fārsī-i Burhān Qāti’. Tihrān: Nīmā, 1380sh.

Parīkhānīān, Ā. “Jāmi’ih va Qānūn Īrānī: Qānūn Khānivādih”. Dar Tārīkh-i Īrān, jild-i 3. Chap-i 4. Tarjumih Ḥasan Anūshih. Tihrān: Amīrkabīr, 1387sh. 11-70.

a’ālibi, Abd al-Malik Ibn Muḥammad. Yatīmat al-Dahr Fī Maḥāsin Ahl al-‘asr. Jild-i 4. Girdāvarandah Ibrāhīm Shams al-Dīn. Biyrūt: Dār al-kutub al-‘ilmīh, 1420q.

avāqib, Jahānbakhsh. “Ẕarb-i Sikkih Dar Khilāfat-i Islāmī”. Mishkawt. Shumārah 68, 69 (Pāīīz va Zimistān 1379sh), 264-285.

Khaṭībī, Abualfaẕl. “Aḥmad Ibn Sahl”. Dar Dāyirat al-Ma’ārif Buzurg-i Islāmi, Jild-i 6, zīr-i naẓar-i Muḥammadkaẓim Mūsavī Bujnūrdī. Tihrān: Markaz-i Dāyirat al-Ma’ārif Buzurg-i Islāmi, 1373sh, 732, https://www.cgie.org.ir/fa/article/225518.

Sulīmānī, Sa’īd. Tārikh-i Sikkih Dar Dūdmān’hā-yi Maḥallī Īrān. Tihrān: Barg'nigār, 1396sh.

Sam’ānī, Abd al-Karīm Ibn Muḥammad. al-‘Ansāb. Muṣaḥḥiḥ Abd al-Rahmān Ibn Yaḥyā Mu’allimī. Ḥiydar Abād Hind: Dā’irat al-Ma’ārif al-‘umānīat, 1382q.

Sūzanī Samarqandī, [bī’nā], Dīvān-i Ḥakīm Sūzanī-i Samarqandī. Muṣaḥḥiḥ Nāṣir al-Dīn Shāh’Ḥusaynī. Tihrān: Amīrkabīr, 1381sh.

Shabānkārah'ī, Muḥammad Ibn Alī. Majma’ al-‘Ansāb. Muṣaḥḥiḥ Hāshim Muḥaddi. Tihrān: Amīrkabīr, 1381sh.

Ṣafā, Ẕabīh'allāh. Tārīkh Adabīat Dar Īrān. Chāp 15. Tihrān: Firdūs, 1378sh.

Ṣafā, Ẕabīh'allāh. “Sharāyit-i Ijtimā’ī va Sīāsī Īrān Ba’d Az Suqūṭ-i Shahanshāhī Sāsānī”. Īrān'shināsī. Shumārah 6 (Tābistān 1369sh): 239-247.

Ṭabarī, Muḥammad Ibn Jarīr. Tārikh al- Ṭabarī: Tarīkh al-‘umam va al-mūlūk. Al-juz’ al-rābi’. Muḥaqqiq Muḥammad Abu al-Fazl Ibrāhīm. Biyrūt: bī’nā, bī’tā.

Firāy, R. N. “Sāmānīān”. Dar Tārīkh Īrān. Jild-I 4. Chāp 3. Tarjumih Ḥasan Anūshih. Tihrān: Amirkabīr, 1379sh. 119-141.

Firdūsī, Abu'al-Qāsim. Shāhnāmah Firdūsī. Tihrān: Qaṭrih, 1379sh, https://www.noorlib.ir/view/fa/book/BookView/Image/34250.

Gardīzī, Abd al-Ḥay Ibn Ẕaḥḥāk. Tārīkh-i Gardīzī. Muṣaḥḥiḥ Abd al-Ḥay Habībī. Tihrān: Dunya-yi Kitāb, 1363sh.

Gulisurkhī, Īraj. Rivāyat-i Shāhnāmah bih Nar. Surayandah Abu'al-Qāsim Firdusī. Tihrān: Nashr-i ‘ilm, 1381sh.

Listrinj, Gāy. Jughrāfīā-yi Tārīkhī-yi Sarzamīn’hā-yi khilāfat-i sharqī. Chāp 9. Tarjumih Maḥmūd ‘irfān. Tihrān: ‘ilmī va farhangī, 1393sh.

Lilsalāmī, Ḥusayn Ibn Aḥmad va dīgarān. ‘Akhbār Vulāt Khurāsān. Pazhūhish Muḥammad'Alī Kāẓim Biygī. Tihrān: Mīrā-i Maktūb, 1390sh.

Māmaqānī, Abd allāh. Tanqīḥ al-maqāl fī ‘ilm al-Rijāl. Najaf: Maṭba’at al-Murtaẕavīyat. Bītā.

Muḥammadī, Alī va Dīgarān. “Rivāyatī nū az Tadvīn Ḥamāsah-yi Millī (Shāh’nāmah)”. Kuhan’nāmah-yi Adab Pārsī, Sāl-i 6. Shumārah 2 (Tābistān 1394sh): 125-156.

Mu’īn, Muḥammad. Farhang-i Fārsī Mu’īn. Jild-i 5. Tihrān: Nāmin, 1384sh.

Mu’ayid ābitī, Alī. “Shar-i Marv”. Guhar. Shumārah 47, 48 (Bahman va Isfand 1355sh): 912-919.

Nāshinās. ‘Akhbār A’immat Alziydīah fī Ṭabaristān va Diylamān va Jīlān. Girdāvarī Vilfirid Mādilūng. Biyrūt: Dār al-Nashr Frānzishtāynir, bītā.

Nāshinās. Tārīkh-i Sīstān. Muṣaḥḥiḥ Malik al-Shu’ara-yi Bahār. Tihrān: Padīdih Khāvar. 1366sh.

Narshakhī. Muḥammad Ibn Ja’far. Tārīkh-i Bukhārā. Muṣaḥḥiḥ Muḥammad'Taqī Mudarris Raẕavī. Tihrān: Tūs, 1363sh.

Nafīsī, Sa’īd. “Zanān va Farzandān-i Yazdgird-i Sivvum”. Mihr. Sāl 1. Shumārah 4 (Shahrīvar 1312sh): 265-272.

Hiravī, Javād. Tārīkh-i Sāmānīān (‘Asr-i Ṭalāī-i Īrān Bad Az Islām). Chāp 4. Tihrān: Amīrkabīr, 1393sh.

Yāqūt Hamavī, Yāqūt Ibn Abd allāh. Mu’jam al-‘udabā’. Tarjumah Abd al- Muḥammad Āyatī. Tihrān: Surūsh, 1381sh.

Bosworth, C. E. 2011. AḤMAD B. SAHL B. HĀŠEM. in Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol I: 643-644.

Tafazzoli, A. 1994. DEHQĀN. in Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol VII: 223-226.