واکنش رشد و عملکرد ارزن (Panicum miliaceum L.) معمولی به مصرف سطوح مختلف کود دامی و سولفات ‌روی

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 6، دوره 14، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 51، فروردین 1401، صفحه 95-113   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2021.20322.0

نویسندگان

منیره هاسمی¹؛ محمدعلی بهدانی^{* 2}؛ مجید جامی الاحمدی¹؛ حمیدرضا فلاحی³

¹گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.

²گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند ، بیرجند، ایران

³گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، (گروه پژوهشی گیاه و تنش های محیطی)دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

کاربرد کودهای دامی به‌همراه عناصر ریز مغذی از جمله راه­کارهای مناسب جهت دستیابی به اهداف کشاورزی اکولوژیکی است، که می­تواند تولیدات کشاورزی را در مکان و زمان افزایش دهد و به بهبود عملکرد کمّی و کیفی گیاهان زراعی منجر شود. ارزن (Panicum miliaceum L. گیاهی یک‌ساله است که در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک رشد می­کند و بعد از گندم، برنج، ذرت و جو مهم‌ترین گیاه یک‌ساله جهان محسوب می­گردد و یکی از بهترین محصولات برای تولید علوفه و دانه است. به­همین دلیل و ﺑﻪ­ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﮐﻮد دامی و ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت­روی ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰای ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ارزن معمولی (Panicum miliaceum L.)، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ‌ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در قالب طرح ﺑﻠﻮک‌ﻫﺎی ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در سال 1397 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه بیرجند اجرا شد. فاکتورهای ازمایش شامل ﮐﻮد دامی (گاوی) (صفر، 10، 20 و 30 تن در هکتار) و ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت­روی (صفر، 60 و 90 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بودند. همچنین، یک کرت شاهد مبتنی بر مصرف کود شیمیایی (NPK) در هر بلوک در نظر گرفته شد و اثر این تیمار در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی، با سایر 12 ترکیب تیماری حاصل از مصرف کود دامی و سولفات­روی مقایسه شد. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل ارتفاع بوته، تعداد پنجه در بوته، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد زیستی، شاخص برداشت و محتوی رویِ بذر بودند. نتایج نشان داد مصرف 60 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات­روی باعث بهبود تمامی شاخص­های رشد و عملکرد ارزن شد و بیشترین محتوی رویِ موجود در بذر با کاربرد 60 و 90 کیلوگرم در هکتار از کود مذکور حاصل شد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه و زیستی در تیمار مصرف 60 کیلوگرم سولفات روی مشاهده شد که در مقایسه با شاهد (بدون کود) به­ترتیب 36 و 6/6 درصد افزایش داشت. بیشترین مقادیر صفات مورد مطالعه با مصرف 30 تن در هکتار کود دامی به­دست آمد و عملکرد دانه در این سطح کودی 138 درصد بیشتر از شاهد بود و در نهایت، منجر به افزایش 4/14 درصدیِ شاخص برداشت شد. تیمار کود شیمیایی (NPK) در مقایسه با تیمار بدون کود منجر به بهبود تمامی صفات مرتبط با رشد و عملکرد گیاه شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اجزای عملکرد؛ پنجه بارور؛ عملکرد دانه؛ کود شیمیایی؛ وزن هزار دانه

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