ترکیه، بحران سوریه و سیاست مقابله با ظهور کردستان

پژوهش نامه ایرانی سیاست بین الملل

مقاله 3، دوره 9، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 17، اسفند 1399، صفحه 55-84   

نوع مقاله: مقالات

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/irlip.2021.21328.0

نویسندگان

مصطفی خیری¹؛ فرامرز تقی لو^{* 2}

¹دانشگاه اصفهان

²تبریز

چکیده

خیزش ­های عربی در سوریه منجر به سرنگونی حکومت بشار اسد نگردیده بلکه به جنگ داخلی میان گروه ­های سوری و رقابت قدرت­ های منطقه ­ای و فرامنطقه ­ای برای کسب نفوذ بیشتر منتهی شده است. پیآمد چنین وضعیتی کنترل کردستان سوریه توسط حزب اتحاد دمکراتیک که از آن به­عنوان شاخه سوری پ.ک.ک. یاد می ­شود، بوده است. سئوال این است که استراتژی ترکیه در مواجه با  تهدیدات ناشی از ظهور منطقه خود مختار کرد از دل بحران سوریه و در امتداد مرزهای جنوبی ترکیه چیست؟ در تشریح جوانب مختلف این مساله در ابتدا ماهیت بحران سوریه و چگونگی کنترل کردستان سوریه توسط پ.ی.د. به روشی توصیفی-تحلیلی و با ارجاع به منابع کتابخانه ای بررسی شده است. فرضیه مقاله بر پایه یافته­ های پژوهش این است که ترکیه در ابتدا با پیگیری سیاست صبر و انفعال در قبال داعش و استفاده از اهرم بارزانی تلاش نمود مانع پیدایش کردستان سوریه و یا کنترل آن توسط پ.ی.د. شود. با ظهور کردستان سوریه که بیشتر ناشی از عقب نشینی استراتژیک اسد از شمال سوریه و حمایت غرب از پ.ی.د. بود، آنکارا با حضور نظامی در سوریه و چرخش به سوی محور ایران وروسیه از یک سو و امتیاز گیری از آمریکا سعی در مهار تهدیدات پ.ی.د. نموده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ترکیه؛ سوریه؛ کردستان؛ پ.ک.ک؛ پ.ی.د؛ داعش

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