اثر تنش خشکی بر متغیرهای جوانه‌زنی بذر و صفات فیزیولوژیکی گیاه ختمی زینتی (Alcea rosea L.)

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 3، دوره 35، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 52، اسفند 1400، صفحه 479-492   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhs.2021.60838.0

نویسندگان

تکتم اورعی¹؛ محمود شور^{* 2}؛ علی تهرانی فر¹؛ سید حسین نعمتی¹

¹گروه علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

²فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

گل ختمی (Alcea rosea L.) یکی از گیاهان با ارزش زینتی می‌باشد که 36 گونه از آن در ایران کشت و کار می‌شود. با توجه به این مسئله که جوانه‌زنی بذور در طبیعت با تنش خشکی همراه است لذا میتوان با مطالعه­ی تغییرات فیزولوژیکی و آنتی اکسیدانی گامی مهم در راستای احیای رویشگاه‌های آن برداشت. بدین منظور آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در آزمایشگاه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فروسی مشهد اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل دو اکوتیپ مشهد و تهران با پنج سطح خشکی (صفر، 2-، 4-، 6- و 8- بار) بود. نتایج نشان داد که اثر اکوتیپ و سطوح خشکی بر تمام صفات اندازه‌گیری شده معنی‌دار بود. اکوتیپ مشهد دارای برتری معنی‌داری نسبت به اکوتیپ تهران بود و بذر آنها توانست در تیمارهای 6- و 8- بار به ترتیب 28 و 24 درصد جوانه بزند. میزان طول ریشه‌چه و ساقه‌چه و وزن اکوتیپ تهران با افزایش پتانسیل اسمزی نسبت به اکوتیپ مشهد بیشتر کاهش یافت. از طرفی فعالیت آنزیم‌های مورد بررسی نشان داد که در هر دو اکوتیپ فعالیت سوپراکسید دیسموتاز و پراکسیداز کاهش یافت اما فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز با کاهش بیشتر پتانسیل اسمزی افزایش یافت. میزان پرولین و مالو‌ن‌دی‌آلدهید در اکوتیپ مشهد در تیمار 8- بار نسبت به شاهد به‌ترتیب 12 و 1/5 برابر شد. به نظر می‌رسد که اکوتیپ مشهد دارای بیشترین تحمل به خشکی را در مقایسه با اکوتیپ تهران در مرحله جوانه‌زنی دارد. از طرفی همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری بین فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز و پراکسیداز با درصد جوانه‌زنی مشاهده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پتانسیل اسمزی؛ ختمی زینتی؛ درصد جوانه‌زنی؛ شاخص‌های فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی

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