اثر سیستم‌های خاکورزی و منابع مختلف کودی بر صفات رشدی، عملکرد و بازده اقتصادی نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) در شرایط دیم

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 5، دوره 14، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 52، تیر 1401، صفحه 251-274   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2021.20326.0

نویسندگان

عبدالله جوانمرد^{* 1}؛ مسلم نوری²؛ علی استادی³؛ جواد رباطی⁴؛ مجتبی نورآئین⁵

¹گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران

²گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران.

³گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران.

⁴گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران.

⁵گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران.

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی اثر سیستم­های خاکورزی و منابع مختلف کودی بر صفات رشدی، عملکرد و بازده اقتصادی نخود، آزمایشی در منطقه سرفیروزآباد کرمانشاه در سال 1398 به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. عامل اصلی سیستم‌های مختلف خاکورزی شامل: شخم مرسوم (شخم برگردان­دار به‌عمق 30 سانتی­متر+ دیسک­زنی به‌عمق 20-15 سانتی­متر)، شخم کاهشی (شخم چیزل به‌عمق 15 سانتی­متر) و بدون شخم و عامل فرعی تیمارهای مختلف کودی شامل: عدم مصرف کود (شاهد)، قارچ میکوریزا (Funneliformis mosseae)، ورمی­کمپوست (5/1 تن در هکتار) و کاربرد تلفیقی قارچ میکوریزا + ورمی­کمپوست بود. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل وزن خشک علف­های هرز، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه‌ اصلی و جانبی در بوته، تعداد غلاف در بوته، وزن کل غلاف، وزن 100 دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، شاخص برداشت، درصد پروتئین دانه و عملکرد پروتئین بودند. نتایج نشان داد، اثر سیستم‌های خاکورزی بر وزن خشک علف­های هرز معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین و کمترین وزن خشک علف­های هرز به‌ترتیب در سیستم خاکورزی بدون شخم (4/59 گرم در مترمربع) و مرسوم (7/30 گرم در مترمربع) به‌دست آمد. همچنین اثر سیستم‌های خاکورزی و کود بر ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه اصلی و جانبی، تعداد غلاف در بوته و عملکرد بیولوژیک معنی­دار بود، ولی اثر متقابل آن‌ها بر این صفات معنی­دار نشد. بیشترین میزان صفات مذکور در سیستم شخم کاهشی و با کاربرد تلفیقی ورمی­کمپوست + قارچ میکوریزا به‌دست آمد. همچنین وزن کل غلاف، شاخص برداشت و درصد پروتئین فقط تحت تأثیر معنی­دار اثر کود قرار گرفتند. بیشترین میزان وزن کل غلاف (8/155 گرم در مترمربع)، شاخص برداشت (5/40 درصد) و درصد پروتئین (2/21 درصد) با کاربرد تلفیقی ورمی­کمپوست + قارچ میکوریزا به‌دست آمد. اثر متقابل خاکورزی × کود اثر معنی­داری بر عملکرد دانه و عملکرد پروتئین داشت. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (116 گرم در مترمربع) و عملکرد پروتئین دانه (2/24 گرم در مترمربع) در شخم کاهشی و با کاربرد تلفیقی ورمی­کمپوست + قارچ میکوریزا به‌دست آمد. شخم کاهشی، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد پروتئین را به‌ترتیب 6/19 و 1/17 درصد نسبت به شخم مرسوم افزایش داد. همچنین کاربرد تلفیقی ورمی­کمپوست + قارچ میکوریزا اثر معنی­داری بر صفات مورد مطالعه داشت، به‌طوری‌که شاخص برداشت، وزن 100 دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و ارتفاع بوته را به‌ترتیب 7/16، 1/21، 7/19 و 2/35 درصد نسبت به عدم مصرف کود افزایش داد. در نهایت، با توجه به این که به‌ترتیب تیمارهای شخم چیزل و شخم مرسوم بدون مصرف کود، شخم چیزل و شخم مرسوم با مصرف میکوریزا از نرخ بازده اقتصادی بالاتری برخوردار بودند، لذا می‌توان در کشت نخود دیم و در منطقه سرفیروزآباد کرمانشاه از این تیمارها استفاده نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پروتئین دانه؛ شخم کاهشی؛ عملکرد دانه؛ کشاورزی پایدار؛ کود زیستی

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