مروری بر تکنیک‏‌های سنجش ‏از‏ دور رطوبت خاک و روش‏‌های ریزمقیاس‏‌سازی مکانی

آب و توسعه پایدار

مقاله 8، دوره 7، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 18، اسفند 1399، صفحه 61-72   

نوع مقاله: مروری

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jwsd.v7i4.87346

نویسندگان

الهه غفاری¹؛ علیرضا فریدحسینی²

¹گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ‌ایران.

²دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

رطوبت خاک یک پارامتر با ارزش برای چرخه آب برروی اراضی، کنترل جریان آب بین اتمسفر، سطح زمین و زیر زمین، از طریق تبخیرتعرق گیاه می‏باشد. اندازه‏گیری و ثبت مشاهدات رطوبت خاک به‌‏صورت داده‌‏های زمینی نمی‏‌تواند جوابگوی نیاز بشر باشد. دسترسی به نقشه‏‌های رطوبت خاک جهانی که با استفاده از سنسورهای سنجش از دور امکان پذیر است، کاربردهای بسیاری از جمله پیش‏بینی بارش، پیش‏بینی سیلاب، نظارت بر خشکسالی و برنامه‌‏های مرتبط با کشاورزی خواهد داشت. این نقشه‌‏ها باید در مقیاس مکانی مناسب فراهم شوند. این امر از طریق ریزمقیاس‏سازی مکانی مشاهدات رطوبت خاک انجام می‏شود. ریزمقیاس‌‏سازی مکانی رطوبت خاک اندازه‏‌گیری‏‌شده توسط ماهواره‏‌ها دو هدف را به‌‏منظور استفاده این پارامتر در کاربردهای هیدرولوژی، هواشناسی و کشاورزی باید تأمین کند: 1- دست‏یابی به وضوح مکانی متوسط رطوبت خاک (تقریباً 10 کیلومتری)، 2- دقت بازیابی مناسب. تحقق هر دو هدف با استفاده از یک سنسور مفرد، مشکل می‏باشد. بنابراین، ریزمقیاس‏‌سازی مکمل با استفاده از طیف وسیعی از انواع مشاهدات توسط ترکیب سنسورهای مختلف، به‏عنوان یک روش برای غلبه بر مقیاس مکانی درشت و بهبود دقت بازیابی رطوبت خاک، پیشنهاد شده است. در این مقاله، تکنیک‌‏های سنجش از دور رطوبت خاک و دو روش اصلی ریزمقیاس‏‌سازی موجود که پتانسیل تحقق الزامات بیان شده در توان تفکیک‎‌‏پذیری مکانی و صحت ریزمقیاس‌‏سازی را دارند، معرفی می‏شوند و مزایا و معایب آنها بررسی خواهد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

سنجش از دور رطوبت خاک؛ الگوریتم‏‌های ریزمقیاس‏‌سازی؛ توان تفکیک‌‏پذیری مکانی

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