تأثیر بیوچار، ازتوباکتر و هم‌زیستی میکوریزایی بر عملکرد، محتوای عناصر غذایی و خصوصیات فیتوشیمیایی توتون (Nicotiana tabacum L.) گرمخانه‌ای

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 10، دوره 14، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 52، تیر 1401، صفحه 345-361   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2021.68371.1013

نویسندگان

رامین مصباح¹؛ محمد رضا اردکانی^{* 2}؛ علی مقدم³؛ فرناز رفیعی⁴

¹گروه زراعت، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

²دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران.

³موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

⁴گروه زراعت، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی اثر دو نوع کود زیستی به همراه بیوچار بر عملکرد، محتوای عناصر غذایی و ترکیبات شیمیایی برگ توتون (Nicotiana Tabacum L.) طی دو سال زراعی 1396 و 1397 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش تیرتاش به اجرا درآمد. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل 2×2×3 در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه فاکتور بیوچار در سه سطح (صفر، چهار و هشت تن در هکتار)، میکوریزا و ازتوباکتر هر یک در دو سطح (با کاربرد و بدون کاربرد) در چهار تکرار اجرا شد. با توجه به نتایج، تفاوت آماری معنی‌دار بین کاربرد مقادیر چهار و هشت تن بیوچار در هکتار در اکثر صفات مورد مطالعه دیده نشد. بر این اساس کاربرد چهار تن بیوچار در هکتار موجب افزایش عملکرد برگ تر به‌میزان 11 درصد، عملکرد برگ خشک 12 درصد، محتوای نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم برگ به‌ترتیب 13، 20 و 15 درصد و محتوای نیکوتین و قند برگ به‌ترتیب 18 و 24 درصد گردید. کاربرد میکوریزا نیز اثر مثبت و معنی‌دار بر روی صفات ارزیابی شده داشت. به‌طوری‌که عملکرد تر و خشک، محتوای نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم برگ با کاربرد میکوریزا به‌ترتیب 6، 24، 39 و 15 درصد افزایش یافت. تأثیر کاربرد ازتوباکتر بر بسیاری از صفات به لحاظ آماری معنی‌دار نبود و تنها بر محتوای نیکوتین برگ تأثیر مثبت و معنی‌دار داشت و موجب افزایش 32 درصدی آن گردید. نظر به عدم وجود اختلاف معنی‌دار بین سطوح چهار و هشت تن بیوچار در هکتار در اغلب صفات مورد ارزیابی و با لحاظ جنبه‌های اقتصادی، کاربرد چهار تن بیوچار در هکتار به همراه میکوریزا با هدف افزایش عملکرد کمّی و کیفی توتون بدون استفاده از کودهای شیمیایی و نیز ازتوباکتر به‌عنوان راهکاری مطلوب در جهت افزایش محتوای نیکوتین و رفع مشکل پایین بودن آن در توتون‌ تولید داخل در مناطق کشت توصیه می‎‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اصلاحگر خاک؛ کود زیستی؛ نیکوتین

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