ارزیابی تأثیر بیوچار حاصل از دماهای مختلف پیرولیز بر رشد گیاه همیشه بهار تحت تنش شوری

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 11، دوره 35، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 52، اسفند 1400، صفحه 591-604   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhs.2021.67776.1005

نویسندگان

محدثه شمس الدین سعید^{* 1}؛ محمود رمرودی²

¹گروه تولیدات گیاهی مرکز آموزش عالی کشاورزی بردسیر، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، ایران

²گروه زراعت دانشگاه زابل

چکیده

بیوچار به عنوان منبع کربن آلی و اصلاح کننده خاک، در کشاورزی مورد توجه است و خصوصیات آن تحت تاثیر دمای پیرولیز قرار می‌گیرد. در پژوهش حاضر جهت تهیه بیوچار، مخلوط کود گاوی و گوسفندی به مدت چهار ساعت در دما 300، 400، 500 و 600 درجه سانتی‌گراد، پیرولیز شد. سپس با هدف ارزیابی تاثیر بیوچار حاصل از دماهای مختلف پیرولیز (صفر، 300، 400، 500 و 600 درجه سانتی‌گراد) بر رشد گیاه همیشه بهار تحت شرایط تنش شوری (صفر، 4، 8 و 12 دسی­زیمنس­برمتر)، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در گلخانه مرکز آموزش عالی کشاورزی بردسیر-کرمان، در سال 1398 اجرا گردید. با افزایش دمای پیرولیز به 600 درجه سانتی‌گراد، اسیدیته و هدایت الکتریکی بیوچار به‌ترتیب 16/29 و 60/37 درصد افزایش و عملکرد بیوچار (52/28 درصد) و چگالی ظاهری (48/10 درصد) آن کاهش یافت. محتوای خاکستر نیز 1/5 برابر شد. همچنین با افزایش شوری ارتفاع ساقه، تعداد و سطح برگ کاهش یافت. در تنش 12 دسی­زیمنس­برمتر و دمای پیرولیز 600 درجه سانتی‌گراد، میزان پتاسیم و پرولین برگ افزایش یافت. بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز و گایاکول پراکسیداز در تیمار بیوچار دمای 600 درجه و تنش 8 و 4 دسی­زیمنس برمتر مشاهده شد. درمجموع، شوری بیوچار مهمترین خصوصیات نامطلوب آن می‌باشد که با افزایش دمای پیرولیز این ویژگی منفی شدت می‌یابد، لذا توصیه برای استفاده از بیوچار در خاک‌های شور نیازمند به مطالعات بیشتری می‌باشد. در پژوهش حاضر استفاده از بیوچار در شرایط تنش شوری تاثیر مثبت قابل ملاحظه­ای در ایجاد مقاومت در گیاه همیشه بهار و تحمل تنش شوری نداشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آنزیم‌های آنتی اکسیدانی؛ پتاسیم؛ چگالی ظاهری؛ هدایت الکتریکی

مراجع

1. Afrasiabi B., Adhami E.B., and Owliaei H.R. 2017. Effect of biochar produced at different temperatures on cadmium availability in a calcareous soil under different moisture regimes over time. Journal Water and Soil 31: 811-821. (In Persian)
2. Bani Asadi F., Safari V., and Maghsoodi Moud A.A. 2015. The effect of putrescine and salinity on morphological, biochemical and pigment properties of marigold (Calendula officinalis ). Science and Technology of Greenhouse Cultivation 21: 133-125. (In Persian)
3. Bates L.S., Waldern R.P., and Tear I.D. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil Science 39: 205-207.
4. Bayat H., Alirezaie M., and Neamati H. 2012. Impact of exogenous salicylic acid on growth and ornamental characteristics of calendula (Calendula officinalis) under salinity stress. Journal Stress Physiology and Biochemistry 8: 258-267.
5. Beheshti M., Alikhani H., Moteshare zade B., and Mohammadi L. 2016. Changes in the quality of biochar produced from cow manure during the slow pyrolysis process at different temperatures. Iranian Journal Soil and Water Research 47: 259-267. (In Persian)
6. Bradford M.M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 72: 248-254.
7. Cely P., Gasco G., Paz-Ferreiro J., and Mendez A. 2015. Agronomic properties of biochar from different manure wastes. Journal Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 111: 173–182
8. Chen y., Xie T., Liang Q., Liu M., Zhao M., Wang M., and Wang G. 2016. Effectiveness of lime and peat applications on cadmium availability in paddy soil under various moisture regimes. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23: 7757-7766.
9. Das R., Mandal A.R., Priya A., Das S.P., and Kabiraj J. 2015. Evaluation of integrated nutrient management on the performance of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina Standl)). Journal of Applied and Natural Science 7: 18–25.
10. Devi P., and Saroha A.K. 2013. Effect of temperature on biochar Properties during paper mill sludge pyrolysis. International Journal of ChemTech Research 5: 682-687.
11. Dume B., Berecha G., and Tulu S. 2015. Characterization of biochar produced at different temperatures and its effect on acidic nitosol of Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia. International Journal of Soil Science 10: 63-73.
12. Forster P., Ramaswamy V., Artaxo P., Berntsen T., Betts R., Fahey D.W. Haywood J., Lean J., Lowe D.C., and Myhre G. 2007. Changes in atmospheric constituents and in radiative forcing. Chapter 2, Climate Change. The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon S. D. Qin M. Manning Z. Chen M. Marquis K. B. Averyt M. Tignor and H. L. Miller (Eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, pp. 129-234.
13. Glaser B., and Birk J.J. 2012. State of the scientific knowledge on properties and genesis of Anthropogenic Dark Earths in Central Amazonia (terra preta de Índio), Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta 82: 39-51.
14. Gunes A., Inal A., Taskin M.B., Sahin O., Kaya E.C., and Atakol A. 2014. Effect of phosphorus-enriched biochar and poultry manure on growth and mineral composition of lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv.) grown in alkaline soil. Soil Use and Management 30: 182–188.
15. Haefele S.M., Konboon Y., Wongboon W., Amarante S., Maarifa A.A., and Pfeiffer E.M. 2011. Effects and fate of biochar from rice residues in rice-based systems. Field Crops Research 121: 430-40.
16. Haluschak P. 2006. Laboratory methods of soil analysis. Canada -Manitoba Soil Survey. 3-133.
17. Hosseinifar N., Abdossi V., and Zarrinnia V. 2017. Effect of salicylic acid, potassium silicate fungal elicitor under conditions of salinity stress on calendula (Calendula officinalis). Journal Cellular and Molecular Biology 12: 59-68. (In Persian)
18. Hwang I., Ouchi Y., and Matsuto T. 2007. Deposition of atmospheric ammonia and its effects on plants. New Phytologist 125: 283-305.
19. Inal A., Gunes A., Sahin O., Taskin M.B., and Kaya E.C. 2015. Impacts of biochar and processed poultry manure, applied to a calcareous soil, on the growth of bean and maize. Soil Use and Management 31: 106–113.
20. Jabbarzadeh M., Tehrani Far A., Amiri J., and Abedi B. 2016. Investigation of the protective role of nitric oxide in reducing the damage caused by salinity stress in Calendula officinalis cv. Gitan orange. The Journal of Horticultural Science 30: 185-191. (In Persian)
21. Kafi M.F., Nabati J., Zare Mehrjardi M., Goldani M., Khani Nejad S., Keshmiri A., and Nowruzia A. 2014. Evaluation of Improving Effects of Calcium and Potassium on the Physiological Properties of Kochia scoparia under Salinity Stress. Journal Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences 5: 181-192. (In Persian)
22. Kalhor M., Dehestani Ardakani M., Shirmardi M., and Gholamnejad C. 2018. Response of Marigold (Calendula officinalis) to the interaction effects of salinity stress and soil-improving organic matter. Journal Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences 11(4): 1005-1021. (In Persian)
23. Kalvatchev Z., Walder R., and Garzaro D. 1997. Anti-HIV activity of extracts from Calendula officinalis Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 51: 176-180.
24. Kaydan D., and Okut M.Y. 2007. Effect of salicylic acid on the growth and some physiological characters in salt-stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum). Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi 13: 114-119.
25. Khadem A., Chief F., and Besharati H. 2017. A review of the effects of biochar application on physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. Land Management 5: 13-29. (In Persian)
26. Kozminska A., Al Hassan M., Kumar D., Oprica L., Martinelli F., Grigore M.N., Vicente O., and Boscaiu M. 2017. Characterizing the effects of salt stress in Calendula officinalis Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality 90: 323–329.
27. Laird D.A., Fleming P.D., Karlen D.L., Wang B., and Horton R. 2010. Biochar impact on nutrient leaching from a Midwestern agricultural soil. Geoderma 158: 436–442.
28. Lal Arab M., Astarai A., and Lakzian A. 2015. Biochar effect on soybean growth characteristics and soil chemical properties, the first international conference and the fourth national conference on environmental and agricultural research in Iran. (Translate in Persian)
29. Lehmann J., and Joseph S. 2009. Biochar for environmental management. In: J. Lehmann and S. Joseph (Eds.). Biochar for Environmental Management: Science and Technology. 3rd Ed, London, Earthscan, 405 p.
30. Mary B., Recous S., Darwis D., and Robin D. 1996. Interactions between decomposition of plant residues and nitrogen cycling in soil. Plant and Soil 181: 71-82.
31. Masto R.E., Ansari M.A., George J., Selvi V.A., and Ram L.C. 2013. Co-application of biochar and lignite fly ash on soil nutrients and biological parameters at different crop growth stages of Zea mays. Ecological Engineering 58: 314–322.
32. Mengistu T., Gebrekidan H., Kibret K.W., Oldetsadik Shimelis K.B., and Yadav H. 2017. The integrated use of excreta-based vermicompost and inorganic NP fertilizer on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit yield, quality and soil fertility. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture 6: 63–77.
33. Munns R., and Tester M. 2008. Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 59: 651-681.
34. Najafi Qiri M. 2015. The effect of application of different biochar on some soil properties and the ability to absorb some nutrients in a calcareous soil. Journal of Soil Research (Soil and Water Science) 29: 351-358. (In Persian)
35. Nakano Y., and Asada K. 1981. Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant and Cell Physiology 22: 867-880.
36. Nasibi F., Manouchehri Kalantari Kh., Mahmoudinejad Q., and Zanganeh R. 2015. The effect of the amino acid arginine on some oxidative parameters and increased salinity tolerance in wheat. Journal of Plant Research 5: 1119-1128. (In Persian)
37. Nigussie A., Endalkachew K., Mastawesha M., and Gebermedihin A. 2012. Effect of biochar application on soil properties and nutrient uptake of Lettuces (Lactuca sativa) grown in chromium polluted soils, American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences 12: 369–376.
38. Omidbeigi R. 2000. Approaches to Production and Processing of Medicinal Plants. Astan Ghods Razavi Publications, Mashhad. (In Persian)
39. Parvaiz A, Satyawati S. 2008. Salt stress and phyto- blochemical responses of plants. Plant Soil Environment 54: 89-99. (In Persian)
40. Rezvani Moghaddam P., and Koochek A. 2001. Research history on salt affected lands of Iran: Present and future prospects – Halophytic ecosystem. International Symposium on Prospects of Saline Agriculture in the GCC countries, Dubai, UAE.
41. Shinogi Y., and Kanri Y. 2003. Pyrolysis of plant, animal and human waste: physical and chemical characterization of the pyrolytic products. Bioresource Technology 90(3): 241-247.
42. Singh B.P., Cowie A.L., and Smernik R.J. 2012. Biochar carbon stability in a clayey soil as a function of feedstock and pyrolysis temperature. Environmental Science & Technology 46(21): 11770-11778.
43. Song W., and Guo M. 2012. Quality variations of poultry litter biochar generated at different pyrolysis temperatures. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 94: 138-145.
44. Suppadit T., Phumkokrak N., and Poungsuk P. 2012. The effect of using quail litter biochar on soybean (Glycine max Merr.) production. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research 72: 244-251.
45. Thangalazhy-Gopakumar S., Adhikari S., Ravindran H., Gupta R.B., Fasina O., Tu M., and Fernando S.D. 2010. Physiochemical properties of bio-oil produced at various temperatures from pine wood using an auger reactor. Bioresource Technology 101: 8389-8395.
46. Tsai W.T., Liu S.C., Chen H.R., Chang Y.M., and Tsai Y.L. 2012. Textural and chemical properties of swine-manure-derived biochar pertinent to its potential use as a soil amendment. Chemosphere 89: 198-203.
47. Uzoma K., Inoue M., Andry H., Fujimaki H., Zahoor A., and Nishihara E. 2011. Effect of cow manure biochar on maize productivity under sandy soil condition. Soil Use and Management 27: 205-212.
48. Vaccari F., Baronti S., Lugato E., Genesio L., Castaldi S., Fornasier F., and Miglietta F. 2011. Biochar as a strategy to sequester carbon and increase yield in durum wheat. European Journal of Agronomy 34: 231-238.
49. Van Zwieten L., Kimber S., Morris S., Chan K., Downie A., Rust J., Joseph S., and Cowie A. 2010. Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility. Plant and Soil 327: 235-246.
50. Yang H., and Sheng K. 2012. Characterization of biochar properties affected by different pyrolysis temperatures using visible near infrared spectroscopy, ISRN Spectroscopy. 1-7. 10.5402/2012/712837.
51. Zimmerman A.R., Gao B., and Ahn M.Y. 2011. Positive and negative carbon mineralization priming effects among a variety of biochar amended soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 43: 1169–1179.
52. Zolfi Bavariani M., Ronaghi A., Karimian N., Ghasemi R., and Yathribi C. 2016. The effect of biochar prepared from poultry manure at different temperatures on the chemical properties of a calcareous soil. Journal of Soil and Water Science (Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources) 75: 73-86. (In Persian)