ارزیابی تأثیر بیوچار حاصل از دماهای مختلف پیرولیز بر رشد گیاه همیشه بهار تحت تنش شوری

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 11، دوره 35، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 52، اسفند 1400، صفحه 591-604   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhs.2021.67776.1005

نویسندگان

محدثه شمس الدین سعید^{* 1}؛ محمود رمرودی²

¹گروه تولیدات گیاهی، مرکز آموزش عالی کشاورزی بردسیر، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

²گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

چکیده

بیوچار به عنوان منبع کربن آلی و اصلاح کننده خاک، در کشاورزی مورد توجه است و خصوصیات آن تحت تاثیر دمای پیرولیز قرار می‌گیرد. در پژوهش حاضر جهت تهیه بیوچار، مخلوط کود گاوی و گوسفندی به مدت چهار ساعت در دما 300، 400، 500 و 600 درجه سانتی‌گراد، پیرولیز شد. سپس با هدف ارزیابی تاثیر بیوچار حاصل از دماهای مختلف پیرولیز (صفر، 300، 400، 500 و 600 درجه سانتی‌گراد) بر رشد گیاه همیشه بهار تحت شرایط تنش شوری (صفر، 4، 8 و 12 دسی­زیمنس­برمتر)، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در گلخانه مرکز آموزش عالی کشاورزی بردسیر-کرمان، در سال 1398 اجرا گردید. با افزایش دمای پیرولیز به 600 درجه سانتی‌گراد، اسیدیته و هدایت الکتریکی بیوچار به‌ترتیب 16/29 و 60/37 درصد افزایش و عملکرد بیوچار (52/28 درصد) و چگالی ظاهری (48/10 درصد) آن کاهش یافت. محتوای خاکستر نیز 1/5 برابر شد. همچنین با افزایش شوری ارتفاع ساقه، تعداد و سطح برگ کاهش یافت. در تنش 12 دسی­زیمنس­برمتر و دمای پیرولیز 600 درجه سانتی‌گراد، میزان پتاسیم و پرولین برگ افزایش یافت. بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز و گایاکول پراکسیداز در تیمار بیوچار دمای 600 درجه و تنش 8 و 4 دسی­زیمنس برمتر مشاهده شد. درمجموع، شوری بیوچار مهمترین خصوصیات نامطلوب آن می‌باشد که با افزایش دمای پیرولیز این ویژگی منفی شدت می‌یابد، لذا توصیه برای استفاده از بیوچار در خاک‌های شور نیازمند به مطالعات بیشتری می‌باشد. در پژوهش حاضر استفاده از بیوچار در شرایط تنش شوری تاثیر مثبت قابل ملاحظه­ای در ایجاد مقاومت در گیاه همیشه بهار و تحمل تنش شوری نداشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آنزیم‌های آنتی اکسیدانی؛ پتاسیم؛ چگالی ظاهری؛ هدایت الکتریکی

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