واکنش ریحان (Ocimum bacilicum L.) به سیستم‌های مختلف تغذیه در کشاورزی اکولوژیک

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 7، دوره 35، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 52، اسفند 1400، صفحه 535-547   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhs.2021.61907.0

نویسندگان

سهیلا چهاربندی¹؛ فائزه زعفریان^{* 1}؛ وحید اکبرپور²؛ محمد کاوه¹

¹دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

²علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

چکیده

تمایل به تولید گیاهان دارویی و معطر و تقاضا برای محصولات طبیعی به‌خصوص در شرایط کشاورزی اکولوژیک در جهان رو به افزایش می‌باشد. کشاورزی اکولوژیک گیاهان دارویی، کیفیت آن‌ها را تضمین کرده و احتمال اثرات منفی روی کیفیت دارویی را کاهش می‌دهد. به منظور بررسی تاثیر کودهای آلی و زیستی بر کمیت و کیفیت گیاه دارویی ریحان (Ocimum bacilicum L.)، آزمایشی در سال 1396 در مزرعه‌ای واقع در شهرستان آمل به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمار‌های آزمایش شامل: بایوچار در دو سطح (صفر و 20 تن در هکتار) و کود‌های آلی و زیستی در پنج سطح (ورمی‌کمپوست (10 تن در هکتار)، قارچ میکوریزا، باکتری ازتو‌باکتر، باکتری سودوموناس و عدم مصرف کود) بودند. مطابق نتایج بدست آمده بیشترین میزان ارتفاع بوته و تعداد شاخه اصلی متعلق به تیمار مصرف بایوچار به‌همراه ورمی­کمپوست (به‌ترتیب 37/49 سانتی‌متر و 42/7) بود که به‌طور معنی‌داری از تمامی تیمارهای دیگر بالاتر بود. اثر متقابل بایوچار و کودهای آلی و زیستی بر وزن تر و خشک برگ و ساقه معنی‌دار بود، براساس نتایج مربوط به مقایسه میانگین دادها، بیشترین وزن تر برگ و ساقه، در تیمار کاربرد بایوچار و سودوموناس (به‌ترتیب 792 و 876 گرم در متر مربع) رویت شد که تفاوت معنی‌داری با کاربرد بایوچار به همراه ورمی‌کمپوست نداشت و بیشترین وزن خشک برگ و وزن خشک ساقه، با استفاده از بایوچار به‌همراه سودوموناس (به‌ترتیب 166 و 175 گرم در متر مربع) مشاهده شد. برهمکنش بایوچار × کودهای آلی و زیستی بر میزان فنل کل، فلاونوئید و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی گیاه ریحان نیز اختلاف معنی‌داری نشان داد. بیشترین مقدار فنل کل (55/17 میلی‌گرم در گرم برگ خشک) و فلاونوئید (47/77 میلی‌گرم در گرم برگ خشک) مربوط به تیمار ازتوباکتر همراه با مصرف بایوچار بود، لذا، می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که کاربرد کودهای آلی و زیستی نظیر ورمی‌کمپوست و سودوموناس به همراه بایوچار باعث افزایش کمیت و کیفیت گیاه ریحان در کشاورزی اکولوژیک می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ازتوباکتر؛ بایوچار؛ سودوموناس؛ میکوریزا؛ کود آلی؛ کود زیستی

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