اثر رقابت اندام‌های هوایی و زیر زمینی علف‌هرز خردل وحشی (Sinapis arvensis) بر رشد و عملکرد ارقام گندم (Triticum aestivum)

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

مقاله 10، دوره 35، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 53، مهر 1400، صفحه 389-398   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jpp.2021.69400.1019

نویسنده

عادل مدحج^*

دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد شوشتر

چکیده

این آزمایش به منظور بررسی اثر رقابت اندام­های هوایی و زیر زمینی علف­هرز خردل وحشی بر رشد و عملکرد ارقام گندم، بصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد واحد شوشتر در سال 1395 اجرا شد. رقابت ریشه، اندام­های هوایی و رقابت کامل (رقابت توام ریشه و اندام­های هوایی) و شاهد (گیاه زراعی بدون علف­هرز) و سه رقم گندم چمران، کریم‌ و وریناک به عنوان عوامل آزمایشی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. اثر رقابت خردل وحشی بر عملکرد دانه و برخی صفات مورفولوژیکی گندم ارزیابی شد. نتایج نشان داد، در رقابت توام اندام‌های هوایی و ریشه نسبت به هر کدام از رقابت­های اندام هوایی و ریشه به صورت جداگانه، کاهش عملکرد دانه گندم و اکثر صفات مورد ارزیابی بیشتر بود، بطوری‌که بیشترین درصد کاهش ارتفاع بوته (22/10 درصد)، طول ریشه (40/60 درصد)، تعداد پنجه بارور در بوته (53/33 درصد)، طول سنبله (37/67 درصد)، تعداد دانه در سنبله (41/71 درصد)، تعداد سنبله در واحد سطح (21/39 درصد)، وزن هزار دانه (27/87 درصد)، عملکرد دانه (69/79 درصد) و عملکرد بیولوژیکی (42/48 درصد) در شرایط رقابت کامل (رقابت توام ریشه و اندام‌های هوایی) علف­هرز خردل وحشی با رقم وریناک مشاهده شد. بطور کلی رقم چمران به دلیل داشتن عملکرد اقتصادی بیشتر در شرایط عاری از علف­هرز و شرایط تداخل می­تواند به عنوان یک رقم رقیب در عملیات زراعی و ویژگی‌های آن در برنامه‌های به نژادی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد که البته این موضوع نیازمند مطالعات تکمیلی می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تداخل؛ قدرت رقابتی ارقام؛ مدیریت غیرشیمیایی؛ ویژگی‌های رشدی

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