ارزیابی زراعی و اقتصادی نظام‌های کشت مخلوط جو (Hordeum vulgare) با دو گیاه دارویی شنبلیله (Trigonella foenum-graecum) و سیر (Allium sativum)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 6، دوره 14، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 53، مهر 1401، صفحه 467-484   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2021.20274.0

نویسندگان

یاسر اسماعیلیان¹؛ مسعود عشقی زاده^{* 1}؛ ابوالفضل توسلی²

¹گروه مهندسی کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، مجتمع آموزش عالی گناباد، گناباد، ایران.

²گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

به ­منظور ارزیابی و مقایسه سیستم­های کشت مخلوط با تک‌کشتی سه گیاه جو (Hordeum vulgare)، شنبلیله (Trigonella foenum-graecum) و سیر (Allium sativum)، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1396- 1395 در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مجتمع آموزش عالی گناباد انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل کشت خالص جو، سیر، شنبلیله و کشت مخلوط جایگزینی به­صورت جو + شنبلیله، جو + سیر، شنبلیله + سیر، و جو + شنبلیله + سیر بود. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل عملکرد علوفه خشک، ارتفاع بوته، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت در گیاه جو، عملکرد علوفه خشک، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد دانه در گیاه شنبلیله، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد برگ در بوته، طول سیرچه، قطر سیرچه، تعداد سیرچه در بوته و عملکرد سوخ در گیاه سیر بودند. بر اساس نتایج به‌دست آمده، بیشترین مقادیر عملکرد علوفه خشک (8523 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، عملکرد دانه (3494 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد بیولوژیک (14111کیلوگرم در هکتار) گیاه جو از کشت خالص آن حاصل شد. در بین تیمارهای کشت مخلوط، بیشترین عملکرد علوفه (6109 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از کشت مخلوط جو + شنبلیله به‌دست آمد. صفات ارتفاع بوته، تعداد غلاف در بوته و تعداد دانه در غلاف گیاه شنبلیله در تیمار کشت خالص بیشترین مقادیر را نشان دادند. عملکرد دانه (1145 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد علوفه خشک (5100 کیلوگرم در هکتار) شنبلیله در الگوی کشت خالص در مقایسه با الگوهای کشت مخلوط به­طور معنی­داری بیشتر بود. تیمار کشت مخلوط سیر + شنبلیله با عملکرد علوفه خشک 4090 کیلوگرم در هکتار و عملکرد دانه 569 کیلوگرم در هکتار نسبت به سایر تیمارهای کشت مخلوط برتری داشت. اجزای عملکرد سیر شامل ارتفاع بوته، تعداد برگ در بوته، طول و قطر سیرچه، و تعداد سیرچه در بوته در کشت خالص بیشترین مقادیر را داشتند. بیشترین میزان عملکرد سوخ (7194 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از تیمار کشت خالص سیر به‌دست آمد. در میان شاخص­های ارزیابی مزیت کشت مخلوط، بالاترین مقادیر نسبت برابری زمین (16/1)، افزایش واقعی عملکرد (30/0) و بهره­وری سیستم (8414) از الگوی کشت مخلوط جو + سیر حاصل شد. بیشترین میزان شاخص سودمندی کشت مخلوط (02/0) از تیمار شنبلیله + سیر، و بالاترین عدد مجموع ارزش نسبی (13/1) از تیمار کشت مخلوط جو + شنبلیله به‌دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بهره وری سیستم؛ سودمندی؛ عملکرد دانه؛ عملکرد علوفه؛ نسبت برابری زمین

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