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ارزیابی زراعی و اقتصادی نظامهای کشت مخلوط جو (Hordeum vulgare) با دو گیاه دارویی شنبلیله (Trigonella foenum-graecum) و سیر (Allium sativum) | ||
بوم شناسی کشاورزی | ||
مقاله 6، دوره 14، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 53، مهر 1401، صفحه 467-484 اصل مقاله (798.25 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2021.20274.0 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
یاسر اسماعیلیان1؛ مسعود عشقی زاده* 1؛ ابوالفضل توسلی2 | ||
1گروه مهندسی کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، مجتمع آموزش عالی گناباد، گناباد، ایران. | ||
2گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
به منظور ارزیابی و مقایسه سیستمهای کشت مخلوط با تککشتی سه گیاه جو (Hordeum vulgare)، شنبلیله (Trigonella foenum-graecum) و سیر (Allium sativum)، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1396- 1395 در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مجتمع آموزش عالی گناباد انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل کشت خالص جو، سیر، شنبلیله و کشت مخلوط جایگزینی بهصورت جو + شنبلیله، جو + سیر، شنبلیله + سیر، و جو + شنبلیله + سیر بود. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل عملکرد علوفه خشک، ارتفاع بوته، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت در گیاه جو، عملکرد علوفه خشک، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد دانه در گیاه شنبلیله، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد برگ در بوته، طول سیرچه، قطر سیرچه، تعداد سیرچه در بوته و عملکرد سوخ در گیاه سیر بودند. بر اساس نتایج بهدست آمده، بیشترین مقادیر عملکرد علوفه خشک (8523 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، عملکرد دانه (3494 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد بیولوژیک (14111کیلوگرم در هکتار) گیاه جو از کشت خالص آن حاصل شد. در بین تیمارهای کشت مخلوط، بیشترین عملکرد علوفه (6109 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از کشت مخلوط جو + شنبلیله بهدست آمد. صفات ارتفاع بوته، تعداد غلاف در بوته و تعداد دانه در غلاف گیاه شنبلیله در تیمار کشت خالص بیشترین مقادیر را نشان دادند. عملکرد دانه (1145 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد علوفه خشک (5100 کیلوگرم در هکتار) شنبلیله در الگوی کشت خالص در مقایسه با الگوهای کشت مخلوط بهطور معنیداری بیشتر بود. تیمار کشت مخلوط سیر + شنبلیله با عملکرد علوفه خشک 4090 کیلوگرم در هکتار و عملکرد دانه 569 کیلوگرم در هکتار نسبت به سایر تیمارهای کشت مخلوط برتری داشت. اجزای عملکرد سیر شامل ارتفاع بوته، تعداد برگ در بوته، طول و قطر سیرچه، و تعداد سیرچه در بوته در کشت خالص بیشترین مقادیر را داشتند. بیشترین میزان عملکرد سوخ (7194 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از تیمار کشت خالص سیر بهدست آمد. در میان شاخصهای ارزیابی مزیت کشت مخلوط، بالاترین مقادیر نسبت برابری زمین (16/1)، افزایش واقعی عملکرد (30/0) و بهرهوری سیستم (8414) از الگوی کشت مخلوط جو + سیر حاصل شد. بیشترین میزان شاخص سودمندی کشت مخلوط (02/0) از تیمار شنبلیله + سیر، و بالاترین عدد مجموع ارزش نسبی (13/1) از تیمار کشت مخلوط جو + شنبلیله بهدست آمد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
بهره وری سیستم؛ سودمندی؛ عملکرد دانه؛ عملکرد علوفه؛ نسبت برابری زمین | ||
مراجع | ||
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