بررسی اثر اسید هیومیک و اسید آمینه به صورت کود آبیاری بر صفات رشدی خیار ’سوپر دامینوس‘ (Cucumis sativus L.) تحت تنش خشکی

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 6، دوره 35، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 52، اسفند 1400، صفحه 521-533   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhs.2021.61892.0

نویسندگان

میثم نجفی¹؛ حسین آرویی^{* 1}؛ محمد حسین امینی فرد²

¹گروه علوم باغبانی و مهندسی فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

²گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند

چکیده

مواد هیومیکی از طریق تولید هورمون­های مختلف و نگهداری رطوبت در خاک کارایی مصرف آب در گیاه را افزایش می­دهند. در شرایط نامساعد محیطی عمل ساخت اسیدهای آمینه متوقف می­شود که مصرف اسیدهای آمینه به صورت کود، نیاز ساخت آن را توسط گیاه برطرف می­کند و این امکان را به گیاه می­دهد که انرژی ذخیره شده خود را صرف رشد بیشتر و بالا بردن عملکرد و کیفیت محصول نماید. به منظور بررسی تاثیر موادهیومیکی و اسید آمینه بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی خیار مزرعه­ای رقم ’سوپر دامینوس‘ در شرایط خشکی آزمایشی در باغ تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد طراحی و اجرا گردید. این مطالعه به صورت طرح فاکتوریل در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 6 تکرار انجام شد. عامل اول کوددهی در چهار سطح (شاهد، کاربرد اسید هیومیک در غلظت 200 پی­پی­ام، کاربرد اسید آمینه گلایسین و گلوتامیک اسید به میزان 6 لیتر در هکتار و کاربرد توام اسید هیومیک در غلظت 200 پی­پی­ام و اسید آمینه گلایسین و گلوتامیک اسید به میزان 6 لیتر در هکتار) و عامل دوم دور آبیاری در سه سطح 3، 5 و 7 روز بود. با توجه به نتایج مشخص گردید که اعمال تنش خشکی در خیار صفات رشدی مورد مطالعه را تحت تاثیر قرار داد. بدین صورت که با افزایش دور آبیاری از 3 به 7 روز، طول ریشه، قطر ساقه، وزن خشک بوته، طول میانگره و سطح برگ به شدت کاهش یافت. کاربرد اسید هیومیک به تنهایی در سطح تنش متوسط، طول ریشه (23/99 سانتی‌متر) را بهبود بخشید. کاربرد توام اسید هیومیک و اسید آمینه منجر به بهبود قطر ساقه (12/44 میلی‌متر)، طول میانگره (30/38 میلی متر) و وزن خشک بوته (46/43 گرم) در سطح تنش متوسط شد. در هنگام کاربرد اسید هیومیک به تنهایی و یا در ترکیب با اسید آمینه در سطح تنش متوسط، سطح برگ در گیاه حدود دو برابر افزایش یافت. وزن تر بوته، تعداد ساقه فرعی و طول بوته با افزایش سطح تنش نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش یافت. کاربرد توام اسید هیومیک و اسید آمینه نسبت به سایر تیمارهای آزمایش منجر به افزایش وزن تر بوته (174/44 گرم)، تعداد ساقه فرعی (6/72 گرم) و طول بوته (96/45 سانتی‌متر) نسبت به تیمار شاهد (عدم کاربرد کود) شد. صفات مرتبط با عملکرد مورد مطالعه در آزمایش به شدت تحت تاثیر اعمال تنش قرار گرفت. کاربرد اسید هیومیک وزن خشک میوه و قطر میوه را در سطح متوسط تنش بهبود بخشید. به طور کلی مشخص گردید که اعمال دور آبیاری هفت روز، رشد گیاه و تولید میوه را به شدت تحت تاثیر قرار داده و کاربرد انواع مختلف کود نتوانست در این سطح موثر واقع شود. اما در سطح تنش متوسط خشکی کاربرد اسید هیومیک توانست تا حدودی از اثرات منفی تنش بکاهد. به طور کلی، اسیدهیومیک و اسیدآمینه در شرایط تنش متوسط به منظور متعادل کردن اثرات نامطلوب تنش، قابل استفاده می­باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

دور آبیاری؛ عملکرد؛ صفات مورفولوژیک

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