استفاده از تکنیک‌های آماری چندمتغیره در تعیین عوامل مؤثر بر کارآیی مصرف آب ذرت دانه‎ای (Zea mays L.) در شرایط کاربرد هم‌زمان نیتروژن و نهاده‎های بوم‎سازگار

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 8، دوره 14، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 53، مهر 1401، صفحه 509-529   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2021.67224.0

نویسندگان

محسن جهان¹؛ محمد بهزاد امیری^{* 2}؛ میلاد صالح آبادی³؛ نگار ناصری³؛ صدیقه عباسی⁴

¹گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

²گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، مجتمع آموزش عالی گناباد، گناباد، ایران

³مجتمع آموزش عالی گناباد، گناباد، ایران.

⁴گروه اگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

به‎منظور بررسی اثر کاربرد هم‌زمان نیتروژن و نهاده‎های بوم‎سازگار در سطوح مختلف آبیاری و تعیین عامل‎های مؤثر بر کارآیی مصرف آب ذرت دانه‎ای (Zea mays L.)، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1395- 1394 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد به‎صورت کرت‎های خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه‎ی بلوک‎های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. سطوح آبیاری در دو سطح (50 و 100 درصد نیاز آبی) در کرت‎های اصلی و تیمارهای تغذیه‎ای در پنج سطح (1- نیتروژن خالص + سوپرجاذب رطوبت، 2- سوپرجاذب رطوبت + هیومیک اسید + سالیسیلیک اسید، 3- هیومیک اسید + سالیسیلیک اسید + نیتروژن خالص، 4- هیومیک اسید + سالیسیلیک اسید + نیتروژن خالص + سوپرجاذب رطوبت و 5- شاهد) در کرت‎های فرعی قرار گرفتند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که اگر چه کاربرد کلیه‎ تیمارهای تغذیه‎ای در بهبود کارآیی مصرف آب مؤثر بود، ولی در هر دو شرایط 50 و 100 درصد نیاز آبی بیشترین کارآیی مصرف آب در تیمار کاربرد هم‌زمان نیتروژن، سوپرجاذب، هیومیک اسید و سالیسیلیک اسید به‌دست آمد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (17542 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار کاربرد هم‌زمان نیتروژن، سوپرجاذب، هیومیک اسید و سالیسیلیک اسید و تأمین 100 درصد نیاز آبی و کمترین عملکرد دانه (12515 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در شاهد و تأمین 50 درصد نیاز آبی به‌دست آمد. با توجه به نتایج تجزیه‎ عاملی، متغیرها به دو عامل تجزیه شدند. عامل اول 59 درصد از واریانس متغیرها را تبیین کرد. متغیرهای عملکرد دانه، عملکرد ماده‎ی خشک، ارتفاع بوته، شاخص سطح برگ، سرعت رشد محصول و نیتروژن، فسفر و پی‎اچ خاک روی عامل اول و متغیرهای وزن دانه در بوته، شوری خاک و کارآیی مصرف آب روی عامل دوم بیشترین بار را داشتند. در عامل اول، متغیرهای مهمی نظیر عملکرد دانه و عملکرد ماده‎ خشک و خصوصیات رشدی قرار گرفتند، بنابراین می‎توان این عامل را توصیف‎کننده‎ عملکرد و عامل دوم که دارای بیشترین بار روی کارآیی مصرف آب بود، عامل کارآیی مصرف آب نامید. به‎طور کلی، با توجه به یافته‎های این پژوهش، به‎نظر می‎رسد که کاربرد هم‌زمان نیتروژن و نهاده‎های بوم‎سازگار ضمن بهبود عملکرد و خصوصیات رشدی گیاه، می‎تواند کارآیی مصرف آب را بهبود بخشد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

تحلیل عاملی؛ تنش خشکی؛ سالیسیلیک اسید؛ سوپرجاذب؛ هیومیک اسید

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