بررسی کاربرد گوگرد و کودهای زیستی بر شاخص‌های رشدی، روند ﺟﺬب و کارایی ﻣﺼﺮف نور نخود (Cicer arietinum L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 9، دوره 13، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 50، دی 1400، صفحه 723-738   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2021.20318.0

نویسندگان

جعفر نباتی^{* 1}؛ احمد نظامی²؛ افسانه یوسفی²؛ احسان اسکوئیان³؛ آرمین اسکوئیان⁴

¹گروه بقولات، پژوهشکده علوم گیاهی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

²گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

³پژوهشگاه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی ایران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران، شعبه مشهد، ایران.

⁴دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

در ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن زراﻋﯽ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮگ، روند جذب و کارایی ﻣﺼﺮف ﻧﻮر ازجمله مهم‌ترین ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت اﮐﻮﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب می‌شوند ﮐﻪ در ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻧﻮر ﺟﺬب ﺷﺪه، ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﺎده ﺧﺸﮏ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ است. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ در سال زراعی 1398-1397 در مزرعه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد به‌صورت بلوک کامل تصادفی، با 10 تیمار شامل: 1- گوگرد پاستیلی (Spa)، 2- گوگرد پودری (Spow)، 3- Spa + باکتری‌های اکسیدکننده گوگرد (SOB)، 4- Spa+SOB + باکتری‌های آزادزی تثبیت‌کننده نیتروژن (NFB) + باکتری‌های حل‌کننده فسفات (PSB) + باکتری‌های حل‌کننده پتاسیم (KSB)، 5- Spow+SOB، 6- Spow+SSB+NFB+PSB+KSB، 7- SOB+NFB+PSB+KSB، 8-NFB+PSB+KSB، 9- SOB 10- شاهد در سه تکرار اجرا شد. صفات و ویژگی‌هایی از قبیل شاخص سطح برگ، ماده خشک تجمعی، مقدار نور جذب شده و کارایی مصرف نور اندازه‌گیری شد. قبل از کشت، تیمارهای گوگرد به مقدار 2500 کیلوگرم در هکتار و باکتری‌ها به مقدار پنج لیتر در هکتار در کرت‌های موردنظر به خاک اضافه شدند. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین شاخص سطح برگ در تیمار Spa+SSB+NFB+PSB+KSB به‌دست آمد که نسبت به شاهد 29 درصد برتری داشت. همچنین بیشترین ماده خشک تجمعی و سرعت رشد محصول در تیمار Spow+SSB+NFB+PSB+KSB بود که نسبت به شاهد 31 و 14 درصد افزایش داشت. حداکثر تابش جذب شده متناسب با زمان وقوع بیشترین شاخص سطح برگ نخود بود، پس از آن به‌دلیل کاهش شاخص سطح برگ تا انتهای دوره رشد کسر تابش جذب شده نور روند کاهشی در پیش گرفت. همچنین بیش‌ترین کارایی ﻣﺼﺮف ﻧﻮر در تیمار Spa+SSB+NFB+PSB+KSB بود (R²=0.91^**) که نسبت به شاهد 18 درصد برتری داشت. به‌طور‌کلی، نتایج نشان داد شاخص سطح برگ بالاتر سبب استفاده مؤثرتر از نور تابیده به کانوپی و جذب ‌شده توسط برگ‌های نخود درنتیجه افزایش کارایی مصرف نور و ماده خشک گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

باکتری‌های اکسیدکننده گوگرد؛ باکتری‌های آزادزی تثبیت‌کننده نیتروژن؛ شاخص سطح برگ؛ ماده خشک تجمعی

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