اثر نوع شخم، سطوح کود اوره و کاربرد قارچ میکوریزا بر خصوصیات فیزیکی خاک و عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ماش (Vigna radiata L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 10، دوره 13، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 50، دی 1400، صفحه 739-757   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2021.67873.1005

نویسندگان

بابک لطفی¹؛ عباس ملکی^{* 2}؛ محمد میرزایی حیدری²؛ محمود رستمی نیا³؛ فرزاد بابایی⁴

¹گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ایلام، ایران.

²گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ایلام، ایران.

³گروه آب و خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایران

⁴گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ایلام، ایران

چکیده

سطوح خاک‌ورزی و مصرف کودهای شیمیایی و زیستی نقش مهمی در رشد و عملکرد گیاهان دارند که به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر نوع شخم، سطوح اوره و کاربرد قارچ میکوریزا بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ماش (Vigna radiata L.)، آزمایشی در دو سال زراعی 1396 و 1397 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی دره‌شهر استان ایلام به‌صورت اسپلیت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. نوع شخم با سه سطح متداول (برگردان‌دار)، حفاظتی (قلمی) و بدون شخم به‌عنوان عامل کرت اصلی، کود اوره با چهار سطح عدم مصرف (صفر درصد)، ۳۳، ۶۶ و 100 درصد کود توصیه شده به‌عنوان عامل کرت فرعی و کاربرد و عدم کاربرد با قارچ میکوریزا (Glomus mosseae) به‌عنوان عامل کرت فرعی فرعی مد نظر قرار گرفتند. عملکرد دانه و صفات مرتبط با آن و نیز صفات وزن مخصوص ظاهری خاک، رطوبت خاک، شاخص مخروطی خاک و کربن آلی خاک اندازه‌گیری شد. طبق نتایج تجزیه مرکب دو سال آزمایش اثرات ساده سال، نوع شخم کود اوره و کاربرد میکوریزا بر تعداد دانه در غلاف، تعداد غلاف در بوته، عملکرد دانه، شاخص برداشت، کربن آلی خاک، شاخص مخروطی خاک و درصد رطوبت خاک و اثر متقابل نوع شخم و کود اوره بر عملکرد دانه و شاخص مخروطی خاک و نیز اثر متقابل نوع شخم و کاربرد میکوریزا بر شاخص برداشت و درصد رطوبت خاک معنی‌دار بود. طبق نتایج آزمون مقایسات میانگین بالاترین عملکرد دانه از تیمار شخم حفاظتی و کاربرد 100‌ درصد کود اوره با 2941 کیلوگرم در هکتار با اختلاف معنی‌دار از سایر تیمارها به‌دست آمد. بیشترین وزن هزار دانه (5/57 گرم) از تیمار بدون شخم و بیشترین تعداد دانه در غلاف (6/10) و غلاف در بوته (61) از تیمار شخم حفاظتی به‌دست آمد. بیشترین وزن هزار دانه، تعداد دانه در غلاف و تعداد غلاف در بوته از تیمار 66 درصد کود اوره به‌دست آمد. بیشترین شاخص مخروطی خاک 25/2 مگاپاسکال از تیمار بدون شخم و مصرف 66 درصد کود اوره توصیه شده و کمترین آن 07/1 مگاپاسکال از تیمار شخم متداول و عدم مصرف اوره به‌دست آمد. بدون شخم و شخم متداول به‌ترتیب با مقادیر 68/0 و 32/0 درصد بیشترین و کمترین میزان کربن آلی خاک را دارا بودند. به‌طور کلی، شخم حفاظتی همراه با کاربرد 66 درصد کود اوره توصیه شده و تلقیح با میکوریزا، از نظر عملکرد دانه و اجزای آن بر سایر تیمارها برتری معنی‌دار داشت. به‌علاوه در این تیمار شاخص مخروطی خاک، درصدر طوبت خاک و محتوای کربن آلی نیز بهبود یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

شاخص مخروطی؛ قارچ هم‌زیست؛ کربن آلی؛ نیتروژن؛ وزن مخصوص ظاهری

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