New outlook to vitamin D functions in dairy cows: non- classical roles

Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology

مقاله 1، دوره 13، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 25، اسفند 2021، صفحه 1-11   

نوع مقاله: Review article

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijvst.2021.70605.1044

نویسندگان

Saba Ahmadi¹؛ Mehrdad Mohri^{* 2}

¹Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

²Center of Excellence in Ruminant Abortion and Neonatal Mortality, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

چکیده

In addition to the well-studied effects in regulating calcium and phosphorus balance, vitamin D has many non-calcemic effects that include acting as an immune modulator or an antioxidant. Cows acquire vitamin D either from photosynthesis in the skin or through swallowing fungi in the forage or vitamin D supplements. Although vitamin D deficiency is rare, today we are facing an increasing number of vitamin D deficiencies in cows due to the indoor housing away from sunlight exposure. According to the NRC recommendation, to maintain the vitamin D serum concentration in the range of 20 to 50 ng/ ml, it is necessary to administer 21,000 IU/ d of vitamin D in cattle. In addition, considering the involvement of vitamin D in various calcemic and non-calcemic effects, it seems that previously recommend levels of vitamin D supplementation have not been enough for preventing many diseases and disorders in cattle. Vitamin D toxicity may also occur due to over-supplementation of vitamin D or overgrazing in plants with high amounts of vitamin D metabolites. This review article will discuss various roles of vitamin D in dairy cattle health, normal physiology, and disease prevention.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Calcitriol؛ Immune modulation؛ Oxidative Stress

مراجع