ترکیب شیمیایی اسانس گیاه مورد و فعالیت حشره‌کشی آن در ترکیب با خاک دیاتومه علیه حشرات کامل شپشه گندم، Sitophilus granarius (L.)

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

مقاله 6، دوره 35، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 52، تیر 1400، صفحه 203-216   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jpp.2021.69214.1015

نویسندگان

محسن یزدانیان^* ؛ ملیحه ریحانی

گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

خاک­های دیاتومه و اسانس­های گیاهی جزو مهم­ترین ترکیبات جایگزین سموم شیمیایی می­باشند که مشکلات مهم فراروی استفاده از آن­ها به ترتیب شامل کنداثر بودن و ناپایداری می­باشند. استفاده ترکیبی از این دو عامل حشره­کش یکی از راه­حل­های این مشکلات می­باشد. در این پژوهش، اثر حشره‌کشی تماسی یک خاک دیاتومه ایرانی (با نام تجاری سایان) در ترکیب با اثر تنفسی اسانس گیاه مورد Myrtus communis L.، روی حشرات کامل شپشه گندم Sitophilus granarius (L.)، بررسی شد. اجزای شیمیایی تشکیل­دهنده اسانس به روش GC-MS شناسایی شدند. در اسانس 46 ترکیب شیمیایی شناسایی شدند که سه ترکیب 1,8-cineole (Eucalyptol) (%029/18)، Isoterpinolene (%704/14) و α-Fenchene (%135/13) بیشترین مقدار را داشتند. درصد مرگ­ومیر در اثر استفاده انفرادی از دزهای خاک دیاتومه (گرم بر کیلوگرم) حتی پس از 72 ساعت قابل توجه نبود ولی استفاده ترکیبی باعث افزایش معنی‌دار مرگ­ومیر شد. در ترکیب‌های تیماری غلظت LC₅₀ اسانس مورد (3451 میکرولیتر بر لیتر هوا) با دزهای 5/0، 1 و 5/1 گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک دیاتومه پس از 72 ساعت، به ترتیب 25/98، 100 و 100 درصد مرگ­ومیر مشاهده شد. برهمکنش خاک دیاتومه در ترکیب با اسانس به ویژه پس از 48 و 72 ساعت عمدتا از نوع سینرژیستی بود. تولید نتاج 45 روز پس از حذف حشرات کامل تیمارشده از ظروف آزمایش (تولید نتاج در نسل اول) در ترکیب دزهای 125/0، 25/0 و 5/0 گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک دیاتومه با غلظت­های LC₁₀، LC₂₀ و LC₅₀ اسانس (به ترتیب 1267، 1790 و 3451 میکرولیتر بر لیتر) بسیار پایین بود (با حداکثر 7 عدد حشره کامل ظاهرشده) ولی مرگ­ومیر این حشرات کامل ظاهرشده در تمام موارد 100 درصد بود. در تیمارهای ترکیبی دزهای 1 و 5/1 گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک دیاتومه با سه غلظت مختلف اسانس نیز تولید نتاج مشاهده نشد. درصد مرگ­ومیر نتاج تولیدی در اثر استفاده انفرادی از دزهای مختلف خاک دیاتومه در مقایسه با تیمارهای ترکیبی بسیار کمتر بود. تولید نتاج 90 روز پس از حذف حشرات کامل تیمار شده از ظروف آزمایش (تولید نتاج در نسل دوم) نیز مشابه نتایج نسل اول بودند. نتایج این تحقیق به خوبی نشان می­دهند که استفاده ترکیبی از این دو عامل حشره­کش به دلیل بروز اثرات سینرژیستی می­تواند کنداثر بودن خاک دیاتومه سایان و ناپایداری اسانس مورد را برطرف سازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اثر سینرژیستی؛ اجزای شیمیایی؛ اسانس مورد؛ خاک دیاتومه؛ Sitophilus granarius

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