ترکیب شیمیایی اسانس گیاه مورد و فعالیت حشره‌کشی آن در ترکیب با خاک دیاتومه علیه حشرات کامل شپشه گندم، Sitophilus granarius (L.)

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

مقاله 6، دوره 35، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 52، مرداد 1400، صفحه 203-216   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jpp.2021.69214.1015

نویسندگان

محسن یزدانیان^* ؛ ملیحه ریحانی

گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

خاک­های دیاتومه و اسانس­های گیاهی جزو مهم­ترین ترکیبات جایگزین سموم شیمیایی می­باشند که مشکلات مهم فراروی استفاده از آن­ها به ترتیب شامل کنداثر بودن و ناپایداری می­باشند. استفاده ترکیبی از این دو عامل حشره­کش یکی از راه­حل­های این مشکلات می­باشد. در این پژوهش، اثر حشره‌کشی تماسی یک خاک دیاتومه ایرانی (با نام تجاری سایان) در ترکیب با اثر تنفسی اسانس گیاه مورد Myrtus communis L.، روی حشرات کامل شپشه گندم Sitophilus granarius (L.)، بررسی شد. اجزای شیمیایی تشکیل­دهنده اسانس به روش GC-MS شناسایی شدند. در اسانس 46 ترکیب شیمیایی شناسایی شدند که سه ترکیب 1,8-cineole (Eucalyptol) (%029/18)، Isoterpinolene (%704/14) و α-Fenchene (%135/13) بیشترین مقدار را داشتند. درصد مرگ­ومیر در اثر استفاده انفرادی از دزهای خاک دیاتومه (گرم بر کیلوگرم) حتی پس از 72 ساعت قابل توجه نبود ولی استفاده ترکیبی باعث افزایش معنی‌دار مرگ­ومیر شد. در ترکیب‌های تیماری غلظت LC₅₀ اسانس مورد (3451 میکرولیتر بر لیتر هوا) با دزهای 5/0، 1 و 5/1 گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک دیاتومه پس از 72 ساعت، به ترتیب 25/98، 100 و 100 درصد مرگ­ومیر مشاهده شد. برهمکنش خاک دیاتومه در ترکیب با اسانس به ویژه پس از 48 و 72 ساعت عمدتا از نوع سینرژیستی بود. تولید نتاج 45 روز پس از حذف حشرات کامل تیمارشده از ظروف آزمایش (تولید نتاج در نسل اول) در ترکیب دزهای 125/0، 25/0 و 5/0 گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک دیاتومه با غلظت­های LC₁₀، LC₂₀ و LC₅₀ اسانس (به ترتیب 1267، 1790 و 3451 میکرولیتر بر لیتر) بسیار پایین بود (با حداکثر 7 عدد حشره کامل ظاهرشده) ولی مرگ­ومیر این حشرات کامل ظاهرشده در تمام موارد 100 درصد بود. در تیمارهای ترکیبی دزهای 1 و 5/1 گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک دیاتومه با سه غلظت مختلف اسانس نیز تولید نتاج مشاهده نشد. درصد مرگ­ومیر نتاج تولیدی در اثر استفاده انفرادی از دزهای مختلف خاک دیاتومه در مقایسه با تیمارهای ترکیبی بسیار کمتر بود. تولید نتاج 90 روز پس از حذف حشرات کامل تیمار شده از ظروف آزمایش (تولید نتاج در نسل دوم) نیز مشابه نتایج نسل اول بودند. نتایج این تحقیق به خوبی نشان می­دهند که استفاده ترکیبی از این دو عامل حشره­کش به دلیل بروز اثرات سینرژیستی می­تواند کنداثر بودن خاک دیاتومه سایان و ناپایداری اسانس مورد را برطرف سازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اثر سینرژیستی؛ اجزای شیمیایی؛ اسانس مورد؛ خاک دیاتومه؛ Sitophilus granarius

مراجع

• Abbott W.S. 1925. A method for computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology 18: 265-267.
• Adarkwah C., Obeng-Ofori D., Prozell S., Asante V., Hörman V., Ulrich C., and Scholler M. 2017a. Toxicity and protectant potential of Piper guineense (Piperaceae) and Senna siamea (Fabaceae) mixed with diatomaceous earth for the management of three major stored product beetle pests. International Journal of Pest Management 63: 128-139.
• Adarkwah C., Obeng-Ofori D., Ulrich C., and Scholler M. 2017b. Insecticidal efficacy of botanical food by-products against selected stored-grain beetles by the combined action with modified diatomaceous earth. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 124: 255-267.
• Aleksic V., and Knezevic P. 2014. Antimicrobial and antioxidative activity of extracts and essential oils of Myrtus communis Microbiological Research 169: 240-254.
• Andrade E.H.A., Alves C.N., Guimaraes E.F., Carreira L.M.M., Maia J.G.S. 2011. Variability inessential oil composition of Piper dilatatumC. Rich. Biochemical and Systematic Ecology 39: 669-75.
• Appel A.G., Moar W.J., and Tanley M.J. 1999. Water loss and mortality of adult cowpea weevils (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) exposed to desiccants and desiccating environments. Environmental Entomology 28: 979-982.
• Athanassiou C.G., Kavallieratos N.G., Vayias B.J., and Panoussakis E.C. 2008. Influence of grain type on the susceptibility of different Sitophilus oryzae (L.) populations, obtained from different rearing media, to three diatomaceous earth formulations. Journal of Stored Products Research 44: 279-284.
• Athanassiou C.G., Arthur F.H., Opit G.P., and Throne J.E. 2009. Insecticidal effect of diatomaceous earth against three species of stored-product psocids on maize, rice, and wheat. Journal of Economic Entomology 102(4): 1673-1680.
• Athanassiou C.G., Kavallieratos N.G., and Meletsis C.M. 2007. Insecticidal effect of three diatomaceous earth formulations, applied alone or in combination, against three stored-product beetle species on wheat and maize. Journal of Stored Products Research 43(4): 330-334.
• Athanassiou C.G., Kavallieratos N.G., Tsaganou F.C., Vayias B.J., Dimizas C.B., and Buchelos C.Th. 2003. Effect of grain type on the insecticidal efficacy of SilicoSec against Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Crop Protection 22: 1141-1147.
• Athanassiou C.G., and Steenberg T. 2007. Insecticidal effect of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Villemin (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) in combination with three diatomaceous earth formulations against Sitophilus granarius (L) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Biological Control 40: 411-416.
• Athanassiou C.G., Vayias B.J., Dimizas C.B., Kavallieratos N.G., Papagregoriou A.S., and Buchelos C.Th., 2005. Insecticidal efficacy of diatomaceous earth against Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on stored wheat: influence of dose rate, temperature and exposure interval. Journal of Stored Products Research 41: 47-55.
• Campolo O., Romeo F.V., Malacrinò A., Laudani F., Carpinteri G., Fabroni S., Rapisarda P., and Palmeri V. 2014. Effects of inert dusts applied alone and in combination with sweet orange essential oil against Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and wheat microbial population. Industrial Crops and Products 61: 361-369.
• Deans S.G., Svoboda K.P., Gundidza M., and Brechany E.Y. 1992. Essential oil profiles of several temperate and tropical aromatic plants: their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Acta Horticulturae 306: 229-32.
• Djilani A., and Dicko A. 2012. The Therapeutic Benefits of Essential Oils. Nutrition, Well-Being and Health, Eds J. Bouayed and T. Bohn (2012) InTech, Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia. pp. 155-178.
• Fava A., and Burlando B. 1995. Influence of female age and grain availability on the oviposition pattern of the wheat weevil Sitophilus granarius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). European Journal of Entomology 92: 421-426.
• Ferng S.F., and Lee L.W. 2002. Indoor air quality assessment of daycare facilities with carbon dioxide, temperature, and humidity as indicators. Journal of Environmental Health 65: 14-18.
• Freo J.D., Dias de Moraes L.B., Santetti G.S., Gottmannshausen T.L., Elias M.C., and Gutkoski L.C. 2014. Physiochemical characteristics of wheat treated with diatomaceous earth and conventionally stored. Ciência e Agrotecnologia 38(6): 546-553.
• Ghafouripoor H. Insecticidal and repellency effect of five essential oils and their integration with diatomaceous earth in control of saw toothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.). M.Sc. Thesis, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili. Ardabil, Iran. 93 pp. (In Persian with English abstract)
• Goudarzvande Chegini S., Abbasipour H., Karimi J., and Askarianzadeh A. 2017. Fumigant toxicity of the essential oil of caraway, Carum carvi on the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Journal of Plant Protection 31(1): 172-178. (In Persian with English abstract)
• Hossain A.M., and Salehuddin S.M. 2013. Analytical determination of nicotine in tobacco leaves by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Arabian Journal of Chemistry 6: 275-278.
• Işikber A.A. 2010. Fumigant toxicity of garlic essential oil in combination with carbon dioxide (CO₂) against stored-product insects. In: Proceedings of the 10^th International Working Conference on Stored-Product Protection. Berlin, Estoril, pp. 371-376.
• Kavallieratos N.G., Athanassiou C.G., Pashalidou F.G., Andris N.S., and Tomanovi T.L. 2005. Influence of grain type on the insecticidal efficacy of two diatomaceous earth formulations against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae). Pest Management Science 61: 660-666.
• Khorrami F., Valizadegan O., Forouzan M., Soleymanzade A. 2018. The antagonistic/ synergistic effects of some medicinal plant essential oils, extracts and powders combined with diatomaceous earth on red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 51: 685-695.
• Korunic Z. 1998. Diatomaceous earths, a group of natural insecticides. Journal of Stored Products Research 34: 87-97.
• Korunić Z., Liška A., Lucić P., Hamel D., and Rozman V. 2020. Evaluation of diatomaceous earth formulations enhanced with natural products against stored product insects. Journal of Stored Products Research 86, doi: org/10.1016/j.jspr.2019.101565
• Lyon W.F. 2011. Granary and Rice Weevils. Ohio State Univer­sity Extension Fact Sheet. HYG-2088-97. Available in: http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/2000/2088.html (visited 6 October 2020).
• Mansour N.A., El-Defrawi M.E., Tappozada A., and Zeid M., 1966. Toxicological studies of the Egyption cotton leaf worm Prodenia litura. VI potentiation and antagonism of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides. Journal of Economic Entomology 59(2): 307-311.
• Mason L., and McDonough M. 2012. Biology, Behavior, and Ecology of Stored Grain and Legume Insects. Stored Product Protection, Eds D.W. Hagstrum et al. (2012) Manhattan, KS: Kansas State University. pp. 7-20.
• Messaoud C., Laabidi A., and Boussaid M. 2012. Myrtus communis infusions: the effect of infusion time on phytochemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Journal of Food Science 77(9): 941-947.
• Michalaki M.P., Athanassiou C.G., Kavallieratos N.G., Batta Y.A., and Balotis G.N. 2006. Effectiveness of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschinkoff) Sorokin applied alone or in combination with diatomaceous earth against Tribolium confusum Du Val larvae: Influence of temperature, relative humidity and type of commodity. Crop Protection 25: 418-425.
• Moras A., Pereira F.M., Oliveira M., Lorini I., Schirmer M.A., and Elias M.C. 2006. Diatomaceous Earth and Propionic Acid to Control Sitophilus oryzae and Oryzaephilus surinamensis Rice Stored Grain Pests. In: Proceedings of the 9^th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection. Sao Paolo, pp. 823-828.
• Morone-Fortunato I., Montemurro C., Ruta C., Perrini R., Sabetta W., Blanco A., Lorusso E., and Avato P. 2010. Essential oils, genetic relationships and in vitro establishment of Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G, Don ssp. italicum from wild Mediterranean germ plasm. Industrial Crops and Products 32: 639-49.
• Ormancey X., Sisalli S., and Coutiere P. 2001. Formulation of essential oils in functional perfumery. Parfums, Cosmetiques, Actualites 157: 30-40.
• Pierattini E.C., Bedini S., Venturi F., Ascrizzi R., Flamini G., Bocchino R., Girardi J., Giannotti P., Ferroni G., and Conti B. 2019. Sensory quality of essential oils and their synergistic effect with diatomaceous earth, for the control of stored grain insects. Insects 2019, 10, 114; doi:10.3390/insects10040114
• Rees D. 2007. Insects of Stored Grain, a Pocket Reference (2^nd edition). CSIRO Publishing, Australia. 77 pp.
• Reihani M., Yazdanian M., and Afshari A. 2014. Enhancement of Insecticidal efficacy of Sepidan (a processed kaolin) in combination with a formulated plant essential oil against adults of the Rice weevil. In: Proceedings of the National Conference on Modern Topics in Agriculture. Tehran. (In Persian)
• Reihani M., Yazdanian M., and Afshari A. 2016. Enhancing insecticidal efficacy and remedying dilatory effect of diatomaceous earth Sayan^® against adults of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), in combination with myrtle essential oil, Myrtus communis Applied Researches in Plant Protection 5(1): 65-78. (In Persian with English abstract)
• Rigaux M., Haubruge E., and Fields P.G. 2001. Mechanisms for tolerance to diatomaceous earth between strains of Tribolium castaneum. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 101: 33-39.
• Scora R.W. 1973. Essential leaf oil variability in green, variegated and albino foliage of Myrtus communis. Phytochemistry 12: 153-155.
• Subramanyam Bh., and Roesli R. 2000. Inert Dusts. Alternatives to Pesticides in Stored-Product IPM, Eds Bh. Subramanyam and D.W. Hagstrum (2000) Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 321-380.
• Tallarida R.J. 2000. Drug Synergism and Dose-Effect Data Analysis. Chapman & Hall/CRC, USA. 264 pp.
• Yang F.-L., Liang G.-W., Xu Y.-J., Lu Y.-Y., and Zeng L. 2010. Diatomaceous earth enhances the toxicity of garlic, Allium sativum, essential oil against stored-product pests. Journal of Stored Products Research 46: 118-123.
• Ziaee M., Ebadillahi A., and Wakil W. 2019. Integrating inert dusts with other technologies in stored product protection. Toxin Reviews, https://doi.org/10.1080/2019.1633673
• Ziaee M., and Moharramipour S. 2012. The combination effects of diatomaceous earth and Cuminum cyminum essential oil against Sitophilus granarius. In: Proceedings of the 20^th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Shiraz, p. 370.
• Ziaee M., Moharramipour S., and Francikowski J. 2014. The synergistic effects of Carum copticum essential oil on diatomaceous earth against Sitophilus granarius and Tribolium confusum. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 17: 817-822.