بهبود عملکرد کمی و کیفی گیاه بادرشبو (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) با کاربرد کود ورمی‏کمپوست در تاریخ‏های مختلف کاشت

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

دوره 19، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 63، مهر 1400، صفحه 249-260   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jcesc.2021.68798.1022

نویسندگان

مهدی وطن دوست¹؛ مهدی مدن دوست^{* 2}

¹دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گیاهان دارویی، واحد فسا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فسا، ایران

²گروه زراعت، واحد فسا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فسا، ایران

چکیده

تعیین زمان کاشت مطلوب گیاهان دارویی بسیار با اهمیت بوده و از عوامل مهم جهت دستیابی به عملکرد بالقوه به شمار می‏آید. از سوی دیگر ورمی‏کمپوست با در دسترس قرار دادن عناصر غذایی لازم، نقش مؤثری ایفا می‏کند. در این پژوهش عملکرد گیاه بادرشبو با ورمی‏کمپوست در تاریخ‏های مختلف کاشت در سال 1399-1398 در شهرستان فسا بررسی شد. این پژوهش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی انجام شد. فاکتور اول تاریخ‏های مختلف کاشت در چهار سطح (1 اسفند، 15 اسفند، 1 فروردین و 15 فروردین) و فاکتور دوم ورمی‏کمپوست در سه سطح (شاهد و ورمی‏کمپوست 5 و 10 تن در هکتار) بود. نتایج نشان داد که در تاریخ کاشت 1 اسفند، بیشترین محتوای نیتروژن (46/2 درصد)، فسفر برگ (246/0 درصد) و وزن خشک اندام هوایی بادرشبو (9530 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار 10 تن در هکتار ورمی‏کمپوست به‌دست آمد. کاشت ﺩﻳﺮﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ سبب تغییر در صفات فیزیولوژیکی از جمله محتوای کلروفیل و محتوای نسبی آب برگ شد. در نتیجه تأخیر در زمان کاشت باعث کاهش ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه جانبی و وزن خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه گردید. بیشترین درصد اسانس به میزان 47/0 درصد در تیمار 10 تن ورمی‏کمپوست مشاهده شد. تاریخ کاشت 15 فروردین عملکرد اسانس را به میزان 2/35 درصد نسبت به تاریخ کاشت 1 فروردین کاهش داد. در مجموع بیشترین عملکرد بادرشبو در تیمار کاربرد 10 تن در هکتار ورمی‏کمپوست حاصل شد. بنابراین به نظر می‏رسد که تاریخ کاشت 1 اسفند و مصرف 10 تن ورمی‏کمپوست برای کاشت گیاه بادرشبو مناسب باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اسانس؛ کلروفیل؛ محتوای نسبی آب برگ؛ نیتروژن؛ وزن خشک

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