ارزیابی نقش توانمندسازی اقتصادی و اجتماعی خانوارهای روستایی در راستای کاهش اثرات خشکسالی؛ مطالعه موردی: شهرستان سرپل ذهاب (استان کرمانشاه)

جغرافیا و مخاطرات محیطی

مقاله 14، دوره 11، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 41، اردیبهشت 1401، صفحه 255-277   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/geoeh.2021.68728.1017

نویسندگان

جمشید عینالی^{* 1}؛ حسین فراهانی²؛ بهاره محمدی³

¹دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه زنجان، ایران

²دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه زنجان، ایران.

³دانش‌آموخته جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه زنجان، ایران

چکیده

بخش اعظمی از ایران به خاطر استقرار در کمربند خشک جغرافیایی و نوار بیابانی دنیا از شرایط اقلیمی ویژه­ای برخوردار است که جزو مناطق کم باران جهان بشمار می­آید. ازاین‌رو، خشکسالی به‌عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین مخاطرات طبیعی ایران است. هدف تحقیق حاضر بررسی نقش توانمندسازی روستاییان در مواجهه و رویارویی با خشکسالی و کاستن از اثرات آن در مناطق روستایی شهرستان سرپل ذهاب در غرب استان کرمانشاه است. ازاین‌رو سعی کرده است تا به این سؤال پاسخ دهد که چه رابطه‌ای بین توانمند­سازی اقتصادی و اجتماعی خانوارهای روستایی و کاهش اثرات خشکسالی در محدوده­ موردمطالعه وجود دارد؟ تحقیق حاضر از نوع پژوهش­های کاربردی و روش مورداستفاده توصیفی- تحلیلی مبتنی بر گردآوری داده­های مورد نیاز از طریق پرسشنامه است. به دلیل گستردگی جغرافیایی منطقه و تعداد زیاد سکونتگاه­های روستایی، از بین روستاهای واقع در محدوده سیاسی شهرستان سرپل ذهاب که دارای 100 خانوار و بیشتر بودند، با لحاظ کردن موقعیت طبیعی، تعداد 10 نقطه روستایی به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شد. در سطح تحلیل خانوار از بین 1966 خانوار روستایی ساکن براساس داده­های سرشماری سال (1395)، با بهره­گیری از فرمول کوکران تعداد 321 مورد به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب و پرسشنامه به صورت تصادفی ساده توزیع شده است که از این تعداد، 305 پرسشنامه تکمیل شده در اختیار محققان قرار گرفت و در تحلیل­های آماری مورداستفاده قرار گرفت. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده­ها از آزمون­های آماری t تک نمونه­ای، تحلیل عاملی و مسیر استفاده شده است. یافته­های تحقیق نشان داد که از دیدگاه ساکنین محلی توانمندسازی در ابعاد اقتصادی (3.84) و اجتماعی (3.60) بر روی کاهش اثرات سانحه تأثیر مثبتی دارد. نتایج تحلیل مسیر نشان می­دهد دسترسی به منابع مالی، بهبود فضای و کسب‌وکار و سرمایه اجتماعی محلی به ترتیب با 49/0، 53/0 و 34/0 بیشترین تأثیر را در توانمندسازی اقتصادی و اجتماعی در راستای کاهش اثرات خشکسالی دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

مدیریت سانحه؛ اقتصاد روستایی؛ توانمندسازی؛ استان کرمانشاه

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