بررسی ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیکی، عملکردی و فیتوشیمیایی گیاه دارویی پریلا ارغوانی (Perilla frutescens var. crispa) در سه مکان مختلف کشت

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 10، دوره 14، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 53، مهر 1401، صفحه 549-560   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2021.20226.0

نویسندگان

معصومه عیدوزایی¹؛ ابوذر علیزاده²؛ صمد نژاد ابراهیمی³؛ امیر صحرارو⁴؛ محمد حسین میرجلیلی³؛ جواد هادیان^{* 3}

¹گروه کشاورزی، پژوهشکده گیاهان و مواد اولیه دارویی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

²گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران و پژوهشگر جهاد دانشگاهی واحد استان لرستان، ایران.

³پژوهشکده گیاهان و مواد اولیه دارویی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

⁴گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی سازگاری، رشد و برخی خصوصیات کمّی و کیفی گیاه دارویی پریلا ارغوانی (Perilla frutescens var. crispa) در ایران، این گیاه در سه مکان مختلف شامل ساری، رشت و شمال تهران کشت گردید. کشت گیاه دارویی پریلا ارغوانی در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سه منطقه ساری، رشت و شمال تهران در اردیبهشت 1397 انجام شد. گیاهان در شروع گل‌دهی در مهر ماه برداشت شدند. ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیکی و عملکردی مورد مطالعه شامل ارتفاع بوته، طول گل‌آذین، تعداد ساقه، فاصله میان‌گره، قطر ساقه، عرض برگ، طول برگ، وزن تر و خشک برگ، وزن تر و خشک ساقه، وزن تر و خشک گل بودند. صفات فیتوشیمایی مورد مطالعه شامل محتوای فنل و فلاونوئید کل و میزان رزمارینک اسید بودند. نتایج تجریه واریانس نشان داد که اثر مکان‌های مختلف کشت بر همه صفات مورفولوژیکی (به‌جز وزن تر ساقه، وزن تر و خشک بوته) و صفات فیتوشیمیایی در سطح پنج درصد معنی‌دار بود. عملکرد خشک اندام دارویی (برگ و گل) در مکان­های کشت ساری (63/41و 05/32)، رشت (13/26 و71/12) و شمال تهران (99/25 و 47/ 18) گرم در مترمربع به‌دست آمد. محتوای فنل کل و رزمارینیک اسید گیاهان در رشت (به‌ترتیب مقدار027/ 49 و 29/42 میلی‌گرم بر گرم ماده خشک) بیشتر از سایر مناطق کشت بود، در حالی که فلاونوئید کل در منطقه ساری بیشترین مقدار (8/14 میلی‌گرم بر گرم ماده خشک) بود. با در نظر داشتن صفات تولیدی و فیتوشیمایی، رشت و ساری (شمال کشور) مناطق مناسبی برای کشت و تولید گیاه پریلا ارغوانی می‌باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اسانس؛ رزمارینیک اسید؛ فنل و فلاونوئید کل؛ گیاهان دارویی

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