تحلیل میزان مصرف آب و انرژی و اثرات محیط زیستی تولید محصولات کشاورزی در دشت میاندربند استان کرمانشاه

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 6، دوره 14، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 54، دی 1401، صفحه 693-712   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2021.67227.0

نویسندگان

فرانک کرمیان¹؛ علی اصغر میرک زاده^{* 1}؛ آرش آذری²

¹گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

²گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

این پژوهش، به‌منظور تحلیل میزان مصرف آب و انرژی و اثرات محیط زیستی تولید محصولات کشاورزی در دشت میاندربند استان کرمانشاه، با استفاده از رویکرد کمّی و برای محصولات گندم، جو آبی، ذرت­دانه­ای، کلزا، گوجه­فرنگی و سیب­زمینی انجام گرفت. جامعه آماری، 1676 کشاورز بود که طبق جدول کرجسی و مورگان، 315 کشاورز با استفاده از نمونه­گیری تصادفی طبقه­ای انتخاب شدند. جهت جمع­آوری اطلاعات از پرسش‌نامه محقق­ساخته و داده­های ثانویه سازمان هواشناسی ایران استفاده شد. طبق نتایج پژوهش، تولید محصولات غالب در منطقه،m³.ha^-1 50827 آب مصرف می­کنند؛ سیب­زمینی (m³.ha^-1 11440) و ذرت­دانه­ای (m³.ha^-1 10492) بیشترین میزان آب را مصرف می­کنند. کل مصرف انرژیMJ.ha^-1 50/975608 بود که بیشترین میزان مصرف انرژی ورودی مربوط به سیب­زمینی (25 درصد)، ذرت­دانه­ای (22 درصد) و گوجه­فرنگی (15 درصد) می­باشد. همچنین کودهای شیمیایی، سوخت­دیزل و آب برای آبیاری بیشترین میزان انرژی را در بخش کشاورزی مصرف کردند. انتشار ₂CO، O₂N و ₄CH به‌ترتیب 79/3729، 05/152 و 293/0 کیلوگرم در هکتار و پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی،_eq.ha^-1 ₂kg CO 52/50872 بود که گوجه­فرنگی با انتشار 48/15592 و جو با انتشار 88/3279 کیلوگرم معادل ₂CO، بیشترین و کمترین سهم را دارا بودند. می­توان گفت کارایی پایین آبیاری، وجود تعداد زیاد چاه­های غیرمجاز، اختصاص یارانه­های کشاورزی و عدم محاسبه هزینه آب و انرژی موجب ناکارآمدی سیستم کشاورزی دشت میاندربند شده است؛ لذا افزایش کارایی آبیاری با استفاده از سامانه آبیاری نواری و همچنین افزایش قیمت آب و انرژی در بخش کشاورزی همراه با حفظ منافع کشاورزان می­تواند در استفاده بهینه از آب و انرژی و کاهش مصرف آن­ها مؤثر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پایداری؛ پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی (GWP)؛ کارایی مصرف نهاده‌ها؛ گازهای گلخانه‌ای

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