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تحلیل میزان مصرف آب و انرژی و اثرات محیط زیستی تولید محصولات کشاورزی در دشت میاندربند استان کرمانشاه | ||
بوم شناسی کشاورزی | ||
مقاله 6، دوره 14، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 54، بهمن 1401، صفحه 693-712 اصل مقاله (1.21 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2021.67227.0 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
فرانک کرمیان1؛ علی اصغر میرک زاده* 1؛ آرش آذری2 | ||
1گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران. | ||
2گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران | ||
چکیده | ||
این پژوهش، بهمنظور تحلیل میزان مصرف آب و انرژی و اثرات محیط زیستی تولید محصولات کشاورزی در دشت میاندربند استان کرمانشاه، با استفاده از رویکرد کمّی و برای محصولات گندم، جو آبی، ذرتدانهای، کلزا، گوجهفرنگی و سیبزمینی انجام گرفت. جامعه آماری، 1676 کشاورز بود که طبق جدول کرجسی و مورگان، 315 کشاورز با استفاده از نمونهگیری تصادفی طبقهای انتخاب شدند. جهت جمعآوری اطلاعات از پرسشنامه محققساخته و دادههای ثانویه سازمان هواشناسی ایران استفاده شد. طبق نتایج پژوهش، تولید محصولات غالب در منطقه،m3.ha-1 50827 آب مصرف میکنند؛ سیبزمینی (m3.ha-1 11440) و ذرتدانهای (m3.ha-1 10492) بیشترین میزان آب را مصرف میکنند. کل مصرف انرژیMJ.ha-1 50/975608 بود که بیشترین میزان مصرف انرژی ورودی مربوط به سیبزمینی (25 درصد)، ذرتدانهای (22 درصد) و گوجهفرنگی (15 درصد) میباشد. همچنین کودهای شیمیایی، سوختدیزل و آب برای آبیاری بیشترین میزان انرژی را در بخش کشاورزی مصرف کردند. انتشار 2CO، O2N و 4CH بهترتیب 79/3729، 05/152 و 293/0 کیلوگرم در هکتار و پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی،eq.ha-1 2kg CO 52/50872 بود که گوجهفرنگی با انتشار 48/15592 و جو با انتشار 88/3279 کیلوگرم معادل 2CO، بیشترین و کمترین سهم را دارا بودند. میتوان گفت کارایی پایین آبیاری، وجود تعداد زیاد چاههای غیرمجاز، اختصاص یارانههای کشاورزی و عدم محاسبه هزینه آب و انرژی موجب ناکارآمدی سیستم کشاورزی دشت میاندربند شده است؛ لذا افزایش کارایی آبیاری با استفاده از سامانه آبیاری نواری و همچنین افزایش قیمت آب و انرژی در بخش کشاورزی همراه با حفظ منافع کشاورزان میتواند در استفاده بهینه از آب و انرژی و کاهش مصرف آنها مؤثر باشد. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
پایداری؛ پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی (GWP)؛ کارایی مصرف نهادهها؛ گازهای گلخانهای | ||
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