ارزیابی کارایی مصرف آب در کشت مخلوط سه گیاه آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.)، پنبه (Gossypium spp.) و چغندر علوفه‌ای (Beta vulgaris subsp.vulgaris L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 1، دوره 15، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 58، دی 1402، صفحه 643-663   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2021.68427.1014

نویسندگان

علیرضا کوچکی^{* 1}؛ مهدی نصیری محلاتی¹؛ مریم جوادی²؛ سید جلیل داورپناه¹

¹گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی،دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

²گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد پنبه (Gossypium spp.)، آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.) و چغندر علوفه‌ای (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris L.) تحت تأثیر نسبت‌های مختلف کشت مخلوط، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1397- 1396 انجام شد. دو الگوی کاشت درهم و ردیفی در کرت‌های اصلی و نسبت‌های مختلف کاشت ( شامل 50 درصد پنبه + 5/37 درصد چغندر علوفه‌ای + 5/12 درصد آفتابگردان، 50 درصد پنبه + 5/37 درصد آفتابگردان + 5/12 درصد چغندر علوفه‌ای، 3/33 درصد پنبه + 3/33 درصد چغندر علوفه‌ای + 3/33 درصد آفتابگردان و کشت خالص هر یک از گونه‌ها) در کرت‌های فرعی تصادفی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که در کشت مخلوط پنبه، چغندر علوفه‌ای و آفتابگردان و در تمامی نسبت‌های مخلوط، مقدار LER کل بیشتر از یک بوده که این مسئله نشان‌دهنده برتری کشت‌ مخلوط مورد نظر از نظر کارایی استفاده از زمین، نسبت به کشت‌ خالص می‌باشد. بیشترین نسبت برابری کل، در نسبت 50 درصد پنبه + 5/37 درصد آفتابگردان + 5/12 درصد چغندر علوفه‌ای در هر دو الگوی کشت درهم و ردیفی بود و کمترین مقدار آن در نسبت 50 درصد پنبه + 5/37 درصد چغندر علوفه‌ای + 5/12 درصد آفتابگردان و در الگوی کشت درهم مشاهده شد. در بررسی LER جزئی نیز، گیاه پنبه در نسبت 50 درصد پنبه + 5/37 درصد چغندر علوفه‌ای + 5/12 درصد آفتابگردان در هر دو الگوی کشت درهم و ردیفی و در نسبت 50 درصد پنبه + 5/37 درصد آفتابگردان + 5/12 درصد چغندر علوفه‌ای در الگوی کشت ردیفی بیشترین مقدار و در نسبت 3/33 درصد پنبه + 3/33 درصد چغندر علوفه‌ای + 3/33 درصد آفتابگردان در هر دو الگوی کشت درهم و ردیفی کمترین LER جزئی را داشت. در بین نسبت‌های مختلف کاشت پنبه نیز، کشت خالص با 32/0 مترمکعب در هکتار بیشترین و نسبت 3/33 درصد پنبه+ 3/33 درصد چغندر علوفه‌ای+ 3/33 درصد آفتابگردان با 13/0 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب، کمترین مقدار کارایی مصرف آب را داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پایداری؛ شاخص برداشت؛ عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد؛ نسبت برابری زمین

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