اثر بایوچار،کود نیتروژن و باکتری آزوسپیریلوم لیپوفروم بر شاخص‌های کارایی مصرف نیتروژن گیاه برنج در شرایط آبیاری غرقاب و متناوب

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 4، دوره 14، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 54، دی 1401، صفحه 649-669   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2021.20321.0

نویسندگان

محمد کاوه¹؛ محمدعلی اسماعیلی^{* 2}؛ همت اله پیردشتی³؛ محمد رضا اردکانی⁴

¹گروه زراعت،دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، مازندران، ایران.

²گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

³گروه زراعت، پژوهشکده ژنتیک و زیست‌فناوری کشاورزی طبرستان، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، مازندران، ایران.

⁴گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

نیتروژن، یک عنصر ضروری برای گیاهان می­باشد، به­منظور بررسی شاخص­های کارایی مصرف نیتروژن برنج در تلفیق با بایوچار، باکتری آزوسپریلیوم لیپوفروم و نیتروژن در شرایط آبیاری غرقابی و تناوبی، آزمایشی به­صورت کرت‏های دو بار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های‌ کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در شهر ساری در سال 1396 انجام گرفت. عامل اصلی، روش آبیاری در دو سطح آبیاری غرقاب و تناوبی و عامل فرعی تیمار کودی در نه سطح، 50، 75 و 100 درصد نیتروژن به­همراه صفر، 10 و 20 تن بایوچار در هکتار و عامل فرعی-فرعی، باکتر‌ی آزوسپریلیوم لیپوفروم در دو سطح بدون مایه­زنی و مایه­زنی با گیاه­چه بود. نتایج نشان داد، بایوچار و نیتروژن، روش­های آبیاری و باکتری تأثیر معنی­داری بر شاخص­های کارایی مصرف نیتروژن داشتند. کاربرد 20 تن بایوچار به­همراه 50 درصد نیتروژن و با مصرف باکتری توانست موجب افزایش معنی‌دار بهره­وری نسبی نیتروژن (به­ترتیب 54/84 و 5/68 کیلوگرم دانه بیشتری در ازای مصرف نیتروژن در آبیاری غرقاب و تناوبی) نسبت به تیمار 100 درصد نیتروژن + بدون مصرف بایوچار و باکتری شود. در نتیجه مصرف هم­زمان کود آلی و زیستی همراه با کود نیتروژن، قابلیت دسترسی و جذب نیتروژن را در مراحل مختلف رشد گیاه افزایش داده و در پی آن، سبب بهبود شاخص­های کارایی مصرف نیتروژن می­شود. امّا، این اثر بایوچار بر حفظ نیتروژن در خاک، با میزان مصرف کود نیتروژن با یک نرخ افزایش نمی­یابد. در مقایسه با شرایط غرقابی، به‌کارگیری باکتری در آبیاری تناوبی تأثیر معنی­داری بر جذب و بهبود شاخص­های کارایی نیتروژن نداشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بهره‌وری نیتروژن؛ غلظت نیتروژن دانه؛ کودهای آلی و زیستی؛ مدیریت زراعی

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