واکنش بالنگو شهری (Lallemantia iberica) و شیرازی (Lallemantia royleana) تلقیح شده به قارچ مایکوریزا در رژیم‌های متفاوت آبیاری

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 8، دوره 14، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 54، دی 1401، صفحه 731-750   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2021.67929.1006

نویسندگان

آرزو پراور¹؛ سعیده ملکی فراهانی^{* 2}؛ علیرضا رضازاده³

¹گروه زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران.

²گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران ، ایران

³گروه گیاه پزشکی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران

چکیده

هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی واکنش بالنگو شهری (Lallemantia iberica) و شیرازی (Lallemantia royleana) تلقیح شده به قارچ مایکوریزا در رژیم­های متفاوت آبیاری بود. آزمایش به‌صورت اسپیلت پلات فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. عامل اصلی، رژیم آبیاری در سه سطح (آبیاری پس از 30، 60 و 90 درصد تخلیه آب قابل استفاده خاک) و ترکیب فاکتوریل قارچ آربوسکولار مایکوریزا (کاربرد و عدم کاربرد) و گونه گیاهی بالنگو (بالنگو شهری (L. iberica) و بالنگو شیرازی (L. royleana) به‌عنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شد. کم آبیاری در هر دوگونه باعث کاهش ویژگیهای رشدی و محتوای کلروفیل، عملکرد دانه، کارایی مصرف آب، کلونیزاسیون ریشه و فسفر بذر، موسیلاژ بذر و محتوی روغن بذر شد؛ به‌طوری‌که کمترین این صفات در تیمار 90 درصد تخلیه آب به‌دست آمد، امّا کاربرد مایکوریزا تأثیر مثبت بر روی این صفات در هر دو گونه گذاشت. در گیاهان تلقیح شده هر دو گونه، میانگین صفاتی چون عملکرد دانه، کلونیزاسیون ریشه، کارایی مصرف آب، فسفر بذر، موسیلاژ بذر و محتوی روغن بذر در تیمار آبیاری پس از 60 درصد تخلیه آب، بیشتر از سایر تیمارهای آبیاری بود. درصد کاهش عملکرد دانه در گونه شهری در پاسخ به محدودیت آب، بیشتر از بالنگوی شیرازی بود، امّا در گونه شیرازی به‌خصوص پس از کاربرد قارچ مایکوریزا نه تنها عملکرد دانه کاهش نیافت، بلکه میزان کلونیزاسیون و کارایی مصرف آب، نیز افزایش یافت. به‌طور کلی، نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد قارچ مایکوریزا می­تواند اثرات منفی تنش کم آبی را بر عملکرد بالنگو شهری و شیرازی کاهش دهد و سبب بهبود رشد و عملکرد آن­ها شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تنش خشکی؛ عملکرد دانه؛ فسفر بذر؛ کارایی مصرف آب؛ کلونیزاسیون ریشه

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