بررسی اثر مقادیر مختلف کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و کارایی مصرف نیتروژن دو رقم کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) در استان خوزستان

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 5، دوره 14، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 54، دی 1401، صفحه 671-691   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2021.20327.0

نویسندگان

پیوند پاپن¹؛ علی مختاران^{* 2}؛ سجاد انصاری اردلی³

¹کارشناس سازمان آب و برق خوزستان، ایران.

²استادیار پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی ایران، ایران.

³دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.

چکیده

یکی از راه­های استفاده و بهره­برداری از آب و اراضی شور استفاده از گیاهان متحمل به شوری مانند کینوا است .مدیریت عناصر غذایی مانند نیتروژن در خاک­های شور می­تواند اثرات منفی شوری بر رشد و عملکرد گیاهان را کاهش دهد. به‌منظور بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف نیتروژن بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد، پروتئین دانه و کارایی مصرف نیتروژن دو رقم کینوا  (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)در شرایط آبیاری با زه‌آب مزارع نیشکر، آزمایش مزرعه­ای در سال زراعی 98- 1397در شرکت کشت و صنعت نیشکر میرزا کوچک خان در جنوب غرب خوزستان به‌صورت کرت­های خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. چهار سطح کود نیتروژن شامل صفر (شاهد)، 75، 150 و 225 کیلوگرم در هکتار از منبع کود اوره به‌عنوان فاکتورکرت اصلی و دو رقم کینوا شامل تیتی­کاکا و گیزاوان به‌عنوان فاکتورکرت فرعی در نظر گرفته شد. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل:ارتفاع گیاه، قطر ساقه، تعداد گل‌آذین، وزن هزار دانه، شاخص سطح برگ، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، شاخص برداشت، کارایی مصرف نیتروژن و محتوی پروتئین دانه بود. نتایج نشان داد که برهم‌کنش نیتروژن و رقم بر شاخص سطح برگ، تعداد گل‌آذین در بوته، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و پروتئین دانه معنی­دار بود. بیشترین ارتفاع گیاه، قطر ساقه و شاخص سطح برگ در نتیجه کاربرد تیمار 225 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار حاصل شد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در رقم گیزاوان (2363 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در سطح 150 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار به‌دست آمد و پس از آن کاهش یافت، امّا در رقم تیتی‌کاکا بیشترین عملکرد دانه (2372 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در سطح 225 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار به‌دست آمد و واکنش آن تا بالاترین سطح کود نیتروژن به‌صورت خطی بود. بیشترین مقدار پروتئین دانه در رقم گیزاوان با کاربرد 150 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار حاصل شد که 138 درصد بیشتر از شاهد بود. بر اساس نتایج به‌دست آمده، رقم گیزاوان کینوا می­تواند انتخاب بسیار مناسبی برای زمین­های شور و کم بازده در جنوب استان خوزستان باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پروتئین دانه؛ تیتی‌کاکا؛ شاخص سطح برگ؛ گیزاوان

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