کاربرد قارچ میکوریز (Rhizophagus intraradices) و کود نیتروژنه در رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری بر خصوصیات کمّی و کیفی نعناع‌فلفلی (Mentha piperita L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 6، دوره 15، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 55، فروردین 1402، صفحه 89-118   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2021.69643.1034

نویسندگان

عبدالله جوانمرد^{* 1}؛ علی استادی²؛ مصطفی امانی ماچیانی³

¹گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه، ایران.

²گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، ایران

³گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، ایران.

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی اثر سطوح آبیاری و منابع کودی مختلف بر صفات مورفولوژیک، کمیت و کیفیت اسانس نعناع فلفلی در دو چین، آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت اسپلیت پلات با 36 تیمار و سه تکرار در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه در سال زراعی 1398 اجرا شد. فاکتور اصلی شامل سطوح مختلف آبیاری در سه سطح: آبیاری پس از 30 درصد حداکثر تخلیه مجاز رطوبتی (آبیاری نرمال)، آبیاری پس از 50 درصد حداکثر تخلیه مجاز رطوبتی (تنش ملایم) و آبیاری پس از 70 درصد حداکثر تخلیه مجاز رطوبتی (تنش شدید) بود. همچنین فاکتور فرعی منابع مختلف کودی را در شش سطح: عدم مصرف کود (شاهد)، 100 درصد کود نیتروژنه، قارچ میکوریز (Rhizophagus intraradice)، 75 درصد کود نیتروژنه + میکوریز، 50 درصد کود نیتروژنه + میکوریز و 25 درصد کود نیتروژنه + میکوریز شامل می‌شد و فاکتور فرعی فرعی هم شامل زمان برداشت در دو چین بود. نتایج نشان داد، همه صفات مورد مطالعه تحت تأثیر معنی­دار کود، چین، اثر متقابل تنش × کود، اثر متقابل چین × تنش قرار گرفتند. همچنین، اثر متقابل چین × کود بر صفات ارتفاع بوته، تعداد گره، تعداد شاخه جانبی در بوته و عملکرد اسانس معنی­دار بود. بیشترین ارتفاع بوته، شاخص کلروفیل و عملکرد ماده خشک به‌ترتیب در آبیاری نرمال با کاربرد 75 درصد کود نیتروژنه + میکوریز و کمترین مقادیر این صفات در تیمار تنش آبی شدید بدون مصرف کود به‌دست آمد. علاوه‌براین، کاربرد 75 درصد کود نیتروژنه + میکوریز منجر به افزایش 1/44، 8/38 و 1/21 درصد این صفات نسبت به شاهد گردید. همچنین، چین اول نسبت به چین دوم به‌ترتیب منجر به افزایش 8/127، 7/17 و 9/27 درصدی این صفات گردید. بیشترین (4/2 درصد) و کمترین (2/1 درصد) درصد اسانس به‌ترتیب در تیمارهای تنش آبی ملایم با کاربرد 75 درصد کود نیتروژنه + میکوریز و تنش آبی شدید بدون مصرف کود حاصل شد. بر اساس آنالیز شیمیایی اسانس، منتول، منتون، 1و8 سینئول و منتوفروان ترکیبات غالب اسانس بودند. بیشترین میزان منتول در تنش آبی ملایم با کاربرد 75 درصد کود نیتروژنه + میکوریز به‌دست آمد. با توجه به نتایج، کاربرد تلفیقی 75 درصد کود نیتروژنه+ میکوریز در شرایط تنش آبی ملایم و در چین اول را می‌توان به‌عنوان تیمار برتر معرفی کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عملکرد اسانس؛ کشاورزی پایدار؛ کمبود آب؛ کود زیستی؛ منتول

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