تأثیر منابع مختلف کودی و تراکم کاشت بر صفات مورفولوژیک و محتوی رنگدانه‌های فتوسنتزی اسفرزه (Plantago ovata Forsk)

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

دوره 19، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 64، دی 1400، صفحه 327-341   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jcesc.2021.37183.0

نویسندگان

میثم خاوری¹؛ محمدعلی بهدانی^{* 1}؛ حمیدرضا فلاحی²

¹گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

²گروه پژوهشی گیاه و تنش‌های محیطی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر تراکم کاشت و مصرف کودهای دامی و شیمیایی بر خصوصیات رشدی و محتوی کلروفیل گیاه دارویی اسفرزه (Plantago ovata Forsk) آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی سرایان در بهار و تابستان سال 1396، به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل تراکم گیاهی (20، 40 و 60 بوته در متر مربع) و مصرف منفرد یا تلفیقی منابع کودی (40 تن در هکتار کود دامی (کود گاوی)، 40 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود شیمیایی از منبع کود کامل NPK،40 تن کود دامی +20 کیلوگرم کود شیمیایی، 20 تن کود دامی +40 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود شیمیایی به همراه تیمار عدم مصرف کود به‌عنوان تیمار شاهد) بودند. صفات اندازه‌گیری شده شامل ارتفاع بوته، تعداد برگ در بوته، عملکرد تک‌بوته، عملکرد بیولوژیک، عملکرد بذر، شاخص برداشت، شاخص سبزینگی (عدد SPAD) و محتوی کلروفیل (a، b و کل) و کاروتنوئید برگ بودند. اثر تراکم گیاهی روی وزن خشک بوته، عملکرد بیولوژیک، عملکرد بذر و محتوی کلروفیل b معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین عملکرد بیولوژیک و بذر (به‌ترتیب 2080 و 6/806 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از تراکم کاشت 60 بوته در مترمربع و بیشترین محتوی کلروفیل برگ از تراکم 20 بوته در مترمربع به‌دست آمد. اثر کاربرد کودهای دامی و شیمیایی در مورد همه صفات به‌جز وزن خشک تک‌بوته و اثر متقابل تیمارهای آزمایشی در مورد تمامی شاخص‌های مورد بررسی در سطح آماری پنج درصد غیرمعنی‌دار بود. از آن‌جایی‌که در بین تیمارهای کودی بالاترین عملکرد دانه از تیمار 40 تن در هکتار کود دامی به‌دست آمد می‌توان بیان کرد که گیاه اسفرزه سازگاری مناسبی به سیستم‌های زراعی کم‌نهاده (به لحاظ استفاده از کودهای شیمیایی) دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

شاخص سبزینگی؛ کاروتنوئید؛ کلروفیل؛ کود دامی

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