منابع آموزشی باز: بررسی تجربه ‌عملی در دنیا

پژوهشنامه کتابداری و اطلاع رسانی

مقاله 13، دوره 11، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 21، شهریور 1400، صفحه 258-280   

نوع مقاله: مقالات مروری

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/infosci.2021.24109.0

نویسندگان

شیما مرادی^{* 1}؛ ساجده عبدی²

¹استادیار گروه ارزیابی سیاست ها و پایش علم، فناوری و نوآوری/ مرکز تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور، تهران

²کارشناس پژوهشی گروه ارزیابی سیاست ها و پایش علم، فناوری و نوآوری/ مرکز تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور، تهران

چکیده

مقدمه: علم باز (علم آزاد یا علم همگانی) واژه­ ای پیچیده است، و به روندها و جنبش ­هایی اطلاق می‌شود و گستره ­ای از منابع همگانی (باز)، دسترسی همگانی (دسترسی آزاد)، بایگانی همگانی، تا انتشارات آزاد را در برمی‌گیرد. مقاله حاضر بر جنبش علم باز به ­عنوان ساختار تقویت‌کننده­ زیست­ بوم آموزش‌وپرورش پرداخته است.
روش­ شناسی: این مطالعه مروری- تحلیلی و مبتنی بر شواهد است که با تکیه بر مُدل زیست‌بوم منابع باز به تحلیل مؤلفه­ های مرتبط شامل ذینفعان یادگیری (افراد، سازمان‌ها و جوامع) و ابزارهای یادگیری (ابزاری و محتوایی) به‌همراه ارائه مستنداتِ ملی و بین ­المللی در هر مورد می ­پردازد و در انتها، توصیه ­های سیاستی را در این راستا برای کشور ارائه می­کند.
یافته­ ها: نتایج پژوهش ­ها، داده ­ها، روش­ ها و نیز مطالب درسی و تدریس، نرم ­افزارها و ابزارهای آموزشی می­توانند به ­صورت رایگان در دسترس باشند و بارها مورد بهره ­برداری شوند. وب 2 و واسپارگاه ­ها را می­توان از جمله ابزارهای یادگیری در ارائه منابع باز معرفی کرد.
نتیجه­: تصدیق مبحث علم باز و کلیه مؤلفه ­های آن در توسعه و پیشرفت حوزه آموزش علم اطلاعات و دانش­ شناسی امری انکارناپذیر است و اساتید، متخصصان و پژوهشگران این حوزه، به دلیل بهره ­گیری از فناوری ­های روز دنیا همچون برگزاری کارگاه­ های وبینار آموزشی، از دستاوردهای منابع آموزشی باز در پیشبرد اهداف این حوزه، بی ­نصیب نمانده ­اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

 آموزش باز؛ ابزار آموزش؛ وب 2؛ واسپارگاه­ها؛ مُدل زیست‌بوم منابع باز

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