تبیین نقش جنسیت بر نیت و رفتار سازگاری کشاورزان شهرستان باغملک در رویارویی با تغییرات اقلیم

جغرافیا و مخاطرات محیطی

مقاله 13، دوره 11، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 42، تیر 1401، صفحه 219-247   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/geoeh.2021.72614.1110

نویسندگان

آمنه سواری ممبنی^{* 1}؛ مسعود یزدان پناه²؛ مسلم سواری³

¹دانش‌آموختۀ دکتری ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

²دانشیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

³- استادیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

چکیده

تغییرات اقلیم به‌طور فزاینده­ای بر معیشت مردم در سراسر جهان تأثیر می­گذارد و به‌عنوان چالشی مهم در سطح جهانی به‌حساب آمده و یک عامل مهم در تشدید نابرابری­های اجتماعی به‌خصوص نابرابری­های جنسیتی است. زنان در دنیا نه‌تنها به‌عنوان قشر آسیب­پذیر در مقابل تغییرات اقلیم شناخته شده­اند بلکه عاملی مؤثر در ایجاد تغییرات در رابطه با سازگاری به شمار می­آیند؛ بنابراین نیاز به تحقیق درباره عوامل مؤثر بر نیت و رفتار سازگاری کشاورزان با تغییرات اقلیم از دیدگاه زنان و مردان وجود دارد. این مطالعه با استفاده از مدل توسعه یافتۀ اعتقادات سلامت به این موضوع مهم پرداخته است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش کشاورزان دو گروه زن و مرد بودند. تعداد اعضای نمونه با استفاده از جدول کرجسی و مورگان 200 کشاورز مرد و 150 کشاورز زن انتخاب شد. برای انتخاب کشاورزان از نمونه­گیری چند مرحله­ای طبقه­ای خوشه­ای تصادفی استفاده گردید. ابزار جمع­آوری اطلاعات، پرسشنامه­ای بود که روایی صوری آن توسط اعضای هیئت‌علمی گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی تأیید گردید. افزون بر این، برای تعیین میزان پایایی بخش­های مختلف پرسشنامه، از پیش­آزمون و محاسبه ضریب آلفا کرونباخ استفاده شد. نتایج تجزیه‌وتحلیل مدل معادله­های ساختاری نشان داد، متغیرهای راهنمای عمل، خودکارآمدی، حمایت اجتماعی، انگیزه و موانع درک شده متغیرهای مؤثر بر نیت کشاورزان مرد به‌صورت مثبت و مستقیم و رفتار به‌صورت مثبت و غیرمستقیم می­باشند و این متغیرها درنهایت توانستند به ترتیب 53 و 37 درصد از تغییرات متغیرهای نیت و رفتار کشاورزان مرد را پیش­بینی کنند. متغیرهای راهنمای عمل، شدت درک شده و خودکارآمدی متغیرهای مؤثر بر نیت کشاورزان زن به‌صورت مثبت و مستقیم و رفتار به‌صورت مثبت و غیرمستقیم می­باشند و این متغیرها درمجموع توانستند به ترتیب 63 و 19 درصد از تغییرات متغیرهای نیت و رفتار کشاورزان زن را پیش­بینی کنند. اطلاعات به دست آمده از این پژوهش و درک چنین تفاوت­های جنسیتی می­تواند توسعه سیاست­ها و برنامه­های حساس به جنسیت را تسهیل کند و به بهبود استراتژی­های سازگاری پایدار و فراگیر کمک کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تغییرات اقلیم؛ رفتار سازگاری؛ مدل اعتقادات سلامت؛ زنان روستایی

مراجع

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