نقش زنان روستایی در پایداری بوم‌نظام‌های کشاورزی ایران

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 2، دوره 16، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 60، تیر 1403، صفحه 219-245   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2021.69949.1040

نویسندگان

آناهیتا ولی اللهی بیشه¹؛ علیرضا کوچکی^{* 1}؛ مهدی نصیری محلاتی¹؛ مینو معلم²

¹گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده‌ی کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

²گروه مطالعات زنان و جنسیت، دانشگاه کالیفرنیا، برکلی، ایالات متحده آمریکا.

چکیده

زنان به­دلیل نقش­های گوناگون خود در خانه و مزرعه همواره تأثیر قابل توجهی بر رفاه و پایداری خانوارهای روستایی دارند. بااین‌وجود، ارزش فعالیت­های آنان اغلب دست­کم گرفته می­شود که این موضوع بسیاری از برنامه­های توسعه را با ناکامی مواجه نموده است. با هدف تعیین میزان مشارکت زنان در کشاورزی و تأثیر آنان بر پایداری اگرواکوسیستم­های ایران، پژوهش حاضر در تمامی استان­های کشور به اجرا درآمد. داده­های مورد نیاز به‌وسیله پرسشنامه از 930 خانوار کشاورز گردآوری شدند. روایی و پایایی پرسشنامه به­ترتیب توسط متخصصان و آزمون آلفای کرونباخ تأیید شد و تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها نیز از طریق آزمون­ فریدمن، آزمون تی نمونه­های مستقل و ضریب همبستگی تائو بی کندال صورت پذیرفت. براساس یافته­ها، مشارکت اکثریت زنان در سامانه­های کشاورزی بازاربنیان (مردم‌محور) کمتر از حد متوسط بود. از سوی دیگر، نتایج نشان دادند که با وجود محدودیت­های متفاوت، 1/44 درصد از زنان دارای باغچه­های خانگی بودند. ارزیابی پایداری نیز آشکار ساخت که در کل اگر چه خانوارهای کشاورز سطح مطلوبی از پایداری را تجربه نکردند، امّا زنان با تولید محصولات کشاورزی گوناگون در باغچه­های خانگی خویش به­طور معناداری (01/0p<) پایداری خانوارهایشان را بهبود بخشیدند. زنان همچنین با مشارکت در تولید محصولات کشاورزی بازاربنیان (مردم‌محور) به ارتقای پایداری خانوارهای خود یاری رساندند. البته آنان با مشارکت در این سامانه­ها به اندازه زمانی که در باغچه­های خانگی­شان فعالیت داشتند، موفق به بهبود پایداری نشدند. بدین ترتیب، پژوهش حاضر پیشنهاد می­کند که کارشناسان و سیاست­گذاران با نگاهی جنسیت­محور به مسائل بخش کشاورزی بپردازند. زیرا به حاشیه راندن زنان از این بخش به مفهوم تبدیل آنان از عناصر فعال اقتصادی به مصرف­کنندگانی با سبک زندگی متفاوت می­باشد که این تغییر بی­تردید اقتصاد محلی و ملی را با دشواری­های فراوانی مواجه می­سازد و پیامدهای هنگفتی را به همراه خواهد داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پایداری اجتماعی؛ پایداری اقتصادی؛ پایداری زیست‌محیطی؛ باغچه خانگی؛ جنسیت؛ خانوار

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