تأثیر منابع تأمین نیتروژن بر عملکرد کمّی و کیفی ارقام گندم (Triticum aestivum L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 11، دوره 14، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 52، تیر 1401، صفحه 363-377   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2021.69468.1031

نویسندگان

رامین نظریان^{* 1}؛ نور احمد صمیم¹؛ حسین صحابی²؛ حسن فیضی²

¹دیپاتمنت اگرانومی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه هرات، افغانستان

²گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربت حیدریه، تربت حیدریه، ایران.

چکیده

یکی ­از مشکلات مهم در زراعت، هزینه زیاد کودها و آلودگی خاک و آب ناشی از مصرف آن‌ها می­باشد. جهت بررسی اثر منابع تأمین نیتروژن بر عملکرد کمّی و کیفی ارقام گندم (Triticum aestivum L.)، آزمایشی در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه هرات طی سال ­زراعی 98-1397 انجام شد. آزمایش به‌صورت طرح کرت­های خرد شده و در قالب بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام گرفت. منابع تأمین‌کننده نیتروژن شامل: کشت مخلوط شبدر با گندم، مصرف کود شیمیایی اوره و کود حیوانی گاوی به‌عنوان کرت اصلی و 10 واریته گندم به‌عنوان کرت­های فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر منابع تأمین‌کننده نیتروژن بر کلیه صفات اندازه‌گیری شده به‌جز طول خوشه، تعداد خوشه­چه، مقدار پتاسیم و فسفر دانه در خوشه معنی‌دار بود. درحالی‌که اثرات واریته به‌جز وزن ساقه و برگ، مقدار پتاسیم و فسفر بر سایر صفات اندازه‌گیری شده، معنی­دار شد. همچنین اثرات متقابل واریته و منابع تأمین‌کننده نیتروژن بر طول خوشه، وزن خوشه و دانه، عملکرد دانه و پروتئین معنی­دار گردید، ولی تفاوت معنی­داری بین درصد پروتئین دانه تیمارهای تحت مصرف کود شیمیایی با کشت درهم شبدر گندم مشاهده نشد. بیشترین مقدار عملکرد دانه به‌ترتیب با مصرف کود شیمیایی اوره و کشت مخلوط گندم و شبدر حاصل گردید. همچنین واریته کابل 13 بیشترین مقدار عملکرد را تولید نمود. به‌طور کلی، می‌توان کشت درهم گندم و شبدر را به‌جای استفاده از کود شیمیایی نیتروژن­دار به‌عنوان یک گزینه برای تولید گندم، خصوصاً در سیستم­های کم نهاده در استان هرات، به دهاقین پیشنهاد نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عملکرد پروتئین؛ عملکرد دانه؛ کشت درهم؛ وزن کل ماده خشک

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