اثر رقابت بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیک، فیزیولوژیک و بهره‌وری در کشت مخلوط سویا (Glycine max (L) Merrill) و ارزن (Panicum miliaceum L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 8، دوره 15، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 56، تیر 1402، صفحه 337-357   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2021.71312.1056

نویسندگان

میثم نامداری¹؛ رحمت عباسی^{* 1}؛ همت اله پیردشتی²؛ فائزه زعفریان¹

¹گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

²گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

چکیده

تفاوت در خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و زراعی گیاهان نقش مهمی در ارتباط بین گونه­ای دارد. لذا به‌منظور ارزیابی رقابت و تعاملات بین گونه­ای ارزن (Panicum miliaceum L.) و سویا (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) در نسبت­های مختلف کشت مخلوط به‌صورت جایگزینی آزمایشی در دو سال زراعی (97-1396 و 98-1397) و به‌صورت طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل نسبت­های کاشت 0:100، 25:75، 50:50، 75:25 و 100:0 (به‌ترتیب ارزن- سویا) بود. نسبت­های مختلف کاشت اثر معنی­داری بر ارتفاع بوته، شاخص سطح برگ، درصد نیتروژن حاصل از تثبیت بیولوژیکی و فعالیت کل میکروبی خاک ارزن و سویا داشت. نتایج نشان داد، کشت خالص سویا در طی مراحل مختلف رشد دارای بیشترین ارتفاع بوته بود. با افزایش سهم کاشت سویا در کشت مخلوط ارتفاع ساقه ارزن افزایش یافت. سویا بر خلاف گیاه ارزن در بین نسبت­های مختلف کشت مخلوط، موفق به تولید شاخص سطح برگ بیشتری در مقایسه با کشت خالص شد. درصد نیتروژن حاصل از تثبیت بیولوژیکی و میزان فعالیت کل میکروبی خاک (عمق 30-0 سانتی‌متر) نیز در کشت مخلوط بیشتر از کشت خالص بود. نسبت کاشت 25:75 و 50:50 به‌ترتیب با میانگین 23/1 و 02/1 دارای نسبت برابری زمین بالاتر از یک بودند و افزایش بهره­وری در تولید محصول در الگوی کشت مخلوط 25:75 مربوط به کاهش تسلط رقابتی گیاه سویا، ایجاد رابطه مکملی و افزایش عملکرد دانه ارزن بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تثبیت بیولوژیکی نیتروژن؛ شاخص سطح برگ؛ فعالیت کل میکروبی خاک؛ نسبت برابری زمین

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